Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Int J Cancer. 2012 Jul 1;131(1):201-10. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26348. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
Cruciferous vegetables, tomato sauce and legumes have been associated with reduced risk of incident advanced prostate cancer. In vitro and animal studies suggest these foods may inhibit progression of prostate cancer, but there are limited data in men. Therefore, we prospectively examined whether intake of total vegetables, and specifically cruciferous vegetables, tomato sauce and legumes, after diagnosis reduce risk of prostate cancer progression among 1,560 men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer and participating in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor, a United States prostate cancer registry. As a secondary analysis, we also examined other vegetable subgroups, total fruit and subgroups of fruits. The participants were diagnosed primarily at community-based clinics and followed from 2004 to 2009. We assessed vegetable and fruit intake via a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and ascertained prostate cancer outcomes via urologist report and medical records. We observed 134 events of progression (53 biochemical recurrences, 71 secondary treatments likely due to recurrence, 6 bone metastases and 4 prostate cancer deaths) during 3,171 person-years. Men in the fourth quartile of post-diagnostic cruciferous vegetable intake had a statistically significant 59% decreased risk of prostate cancer progression compared to men in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio (HR): 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.76; p-trend: 0.003). No other vegetable or fruit group was statistically significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer progression. In conclusion, cruciferous vegetable intake after diagnosis may reduce risk of prostate cancer progression.
十字花科蔬菜、番茄酱和豆类与前列腺癌发病风险降低相关。体外和动物研究表明，这些食物可能抑制前列腺癌的进展，但男性人群中的数据有限。因此，我们前瞻性地研究了 1560 名被诊断为非转移性前列腺癌并参与美国前列腺癌注册研究的前列腺癌战略泌尿外科研究 Endeavor 的男性中，诊断后总蔬菜摄入量，特别是十字花科蔬菜、番茄酱和豆类的摄入量是否降低了前列腺癌进展的风险。作为二次分析，我们还研究了其他蔬菜亚组、总水果和水果亚组。参与者主要在社区诊所被诊断出来，并从 2004 年至 2009 年进行随访。我们通过半定量食物频率问卷评估蔬菜和水果的摄入量，并通过泌尿科医生的报告和病历确定前列腺癌的结局。我们观察到在 3171 人年中发生了 134 例进展事件（53 例生化复发，71 例可能因复发而进行的二次治疗，6 例骨转移和 4 例前列腺癌死亡）。与最低四分位组相比，诊断后十字花科蔬菜摄入量处于第四四分位组的男性前列腺癌进展风险显著降低 59%（风险比 (HR)：0.41；95%置信区间 (CI)：0.22，0.76；p 趋势：0.003）。其他蔬菜或水果组与前列腺癌进展风险无统计学显著相关性。总之，诊断后十字花科蔬菜的摄入可能降低前列腺癌进展的风险。
