Mishra Anjali, Shiozawa Yusuke, Pienta Kenneth J, Taichman Russell S
Department of Biologics and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Cancer Microenviron. 2011 Dec;4(3):221-35. doi: 10.1007/s12307-011-0083-6. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
A variety of tumor cells preferentially home to the bone. The homing of cancer cells to the bone represents a multi-step process that involves malignant progression of the tumor, invasion of the tumor through the extracellular matrix and the blood vessels and settling of the tumor cells in the bone. Gaining a greater understanding as to the mechanisms used by cancer cells in these processes will facilitate the design of drugs which could specifically target the homing process. In this review we will discuss the properties of tumor cells and the bone microenvironment which promote homing of a cancer cell to the bone. We will highlight the different steps and the molecular pathways involved when a cancer cell metastasize to the bone. Since bone is the major home for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we will also highlight the similarities between the homing of cancer and HSC to the bone. Finally we will conclude with therapeutic and early detection strategies which can prevent homing of a cancer cell to the bone.
多种肿瘤细胞优先归巢至骨骼。癌细胞向骨骼的归巢是一个多步骤过程,涉及肿瘤的恶性进展、肿瘤通过细胞外基质和血管的侵袭以及肿瘤细胞在骨骼中的定居。深入了解癌细胞在这些过程中所使用的机制将有助于设计能够特异性靶向归巢过程的药物。在本综述中,我们将讨论促进癌细胞向骨骼归巢的肿瘤细胞特性和骨骼微环境。我们将重点介绍癌细胞转移至骨骼时所涉及的不同步骤和分子途径。由于骨骼是造血干细胞(HSCs)的主要归巢部位,我们还将强调癌细胞和造血干细胞向骨骼归巢之间的相似性。最后,我们将总结能够预防癌细胞向骨骼归巢的治疗和早期检测策略。