Kumar Vinod, Goel Rajeev, Chawla Raman, Silambarasan M, Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi - 110054, India.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010 Jul;2(3):220-38. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.68505.
Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) decontamination is the removal of CBRN material from equipment or humans. The objective of the decontamination is to reduce radiation burden, salvage equipment, and materials, remove loose CBRN contaminants, and fix the remaining in place in preparation for protective storage or permanent disposal work activities. Decontamination may be carried out using chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical means. Like materials, humans may also be contaminated with CBRN contamination. Changes in cellular function can occur at lower radiation doses and exposure to chemicals. At high dose, cell death may take place. Therefore, decontamination of humans at the time of emergency while generating bare minimum waste is an enormous task requiring dedication of large number of personnel and large amount of time. General principles of CBRN decontamination are discussed in this review with emphasis on radiodecontamination.
化学、生物、放射和核（CBRN）去污是指从设备或人体上去除CBRN物质。去污的目的是减轻辐射负担、抢救设备和材料、清除松散的CBRN污染物，并固定剩余污染物以便进行保护性储存或永久处置工作。去污可采用化学、电化学和机械手段进行。与物品一样，人体也可能受到CBRN污染。在较低辐射剂量和接触化学物质时，细胞功能可能会发生变化。高剂量时，可能会发生细胞死亡。因此，在紧急情况下对人体进行去污同时产生最少的废物是一项艰巨的任务，需要大量人员投入大量时间。本综述讨论了CBRN去污的一般原则，重点是放射性去污。
