Department of Social Welfare, Halla University, Wonju, 220-712, South Korea.
J Youth Adolesc. 2012 Jun;41(6):717-31. doi: 10.1007/s10964-011-9700-4. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
While a large body of research consistently finds that internalizing and externalizing problems are closely related and commonly co-occur, the literature is mixed regarding the unique and shared risk processes in the development of both domains of problems. The present study examined the nature and timing of relationships between internalizing and externalizing problems as well as the mediating effects of negative self-concept on both. Using a developmental cascade model as a guiding framework, we conducted a cross-lagged panel modeling on a sample of 2,844 Korean fourth graders (54% boys and 46% girls) followed over 4 years. Findings suggest that internalizing and externalizing problems were reciprocally reinforcing, each leading to increases in the other indirectly through the mediating influence of negative self-concept. Negative self-concept exacerbates the development of both internalizing and externalizing problems, which in turn further undermines one's self-concept. Although there were significant gender differences in the stability of internalizing and externalizing problems, the developmental pathways between negative self-concept and both internalizing and externalizing problems held for both boys and girls. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
虽然大量研究一致发现，内化问题和外化问题密切相关且通常同时发生，但关于这两个问题领域发展中独特和共同的风险过程的文献存在分歧。本研究考察了内化问题和外化问题之间的关系的性质和时间，并检验了消极自我概念对两者的中介作用。本研究使用发展级联模型作为指导框架，对 2844 名韩国四年级学生（54%为男生，46%为女生）进行了 4 年的追踪研究。结果表明，内化问题和外化问题是相互促进的，通过消极自我概念的中介影响，彼此间的相互作用会间接导致对方的问题加剧。消极自我概念加剧了内化问题和外化问题的发展，进而进一步损害了个体的自我概念。尽管内化问题和外化问题的稳定性存在显著的性别差异，但消极自我概念与内化问题和外化问题之间的发展路径对男孩和女孩均适用。本文讨论了对未来研究和干预的启示。
