Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, 2400 W. Lloyd Expressway, Evansville, IN 47721, USA.
Benef Microbes. 2010 Nov;1(4):351-6. doi: 10.3920/BM2010.0034.
Soon after birth, the human gastrointestinal tract quickly becomes colonised by a variety of bacterial species. Throughout life the gastrointestinal tract continues to serve as host to a complex society of nonpathological bacteria. Microorganisms, such as probiotics, have the potential to modulate mucosal immune response and reduce gastrointestinal inflammation caused by a variety of infectious and allergic events. The most widely studied genera of probiotics are lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosis strain ATC53103 (LGG) can replenish gut flora during infectious diarrhoeal episodes. This beneficial effect is carried over to traveller's diarrhoea and children experiencing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Furthermore, LGG can reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections in children attending daycares and hospitals. With allergic disease on the rise, probiotics have the potential to positively impact atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. LGG has been shown to decrease the severity and delay the onset of atopic dermatitis. Additionally, LGG is beneficial in the treatment of allergic colitis and necrotising entercolitis. Some strains of probiotics appear to be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of allergic disease, however, caution must be used when generalising the effectiveness of a specific strain of organism to other organisms and other disease states.
人在出生后不久，其胃肠道内就迅速定植了多种细菌。在整个生命过程中，胃肠道始终是一个复杂的非病理性细菌群落的宿主。微生物（如益生菌）具有调节黏膜免疫反应和减轻由各种感染和过敏事件引起的胃肠道炎症的潜力。研究最多的益生菌属是乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属。鼠李糖乳杆菌 ATC53103（LGG）可在感染性腹泻发作期间补充肠道菌群。这种有益作用也延续到旅行者腹泻和接受抗生素相关腹泻的儿童中。此外，LGG 还可以降低在日托中心和医院的儿童患呼吸道感染的风险。随着过敏疾病的增加，益生菌有可能对特应性皮炎、哮喘和过敏性鼻炎产生积极影响。LGG 已被证明可降低特应性皮炎的严重程度并延迟其发病。此外，LGG 对过敏性结肠炎和坏死性小肠结肠炎的治疗有益。一些益生菌株似乎对治疗和/或预防过敏疾病有用，但是，在将特定菌株的生物体对其他生物体和其他疾病状态的有效性推广时必须谨慎。
