Antidoping Switzerland, P.O. Box 606, CH-3000 Bern 22, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Dec 10;213(1-3):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.07.026. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
When action against doping began, sport itself was, as a rule, responsible for anti-doping measures and governments often had only a subsidiary function. However, due to doping scandals or doping allegations, the formation of independent anti-doping organisations (NADOs) was already discussed in the 1990s in some countries as guarantors for clean sports. In the course of the doping scandal at the Tour de France in 1998 and the systematic intervention of the French state, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was founded 1999 at an international level. In the following years, the WADA-model was often copied at a national level and a multitude of independent NADOs came into being. NADOs play a key role worldwide in combating doping. Their influence in developing an international anti-doping policy and implementing it in the form of standards and regulations is today, however, low; they are not directly represented in the decision-making bodies of the WADA. This should be changed with regard to elaborating the new World Anti-Doping Programme for 2014.
当反兴奋剂行动开始时，体育运动本身通常负责反兴奋剂措施，而政府往往只有辅助作用。然而，由于兴奋剂丑闻或兴奋剂指控，一些国家在 20 世纪 90 年代已经讨论了成立独立的反兴奋剂组织（NADO），作为保证运动干净的保障。在 1998 年环法自行车赛兴奋剂丑闻和法国政府有系统的干预下，世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）于 1999 年在国际层面成立。在接下来的几年里，WADA 模式经常在国家层面被复制，许多独立的 NADO 应运而生。NADO 在全球范围内打击兴奋剂方面发挥着关键作用。然而，它们在制定国际反兴奋剂政策并以标准和规定的形式实施方面的影响力很低；它们在 WADA 的决策机构中没有直接代表。在制定 2014 年新的世界反兴奋剂计划时，这一点应该改变。
