Johnson L C, Spinweber C L, Gomez S A, Matteson L T
Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92138-9174.
Sleep. 1990 Apr;13(2):121-35. doi: 10.1093/sleep/13.2.121.
The present study was part of a larger 3-day, 2-night double-blind parallel group design in which 80 young adult men were divided into eight treatment groups to examine the effects of benzodiazepines and caffeine on nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness, performance, and mood. The present study was done to examine further the relationship among daytime sleepiness, performance, mood, and nocturnal sleep and to determine if and how these relationships were affected by the nighttime use of benzodiazepine and the ingestion of caffeine in the morning. Subjects received 15 or 30 mg of flurazepam, 0.25 or 0.50 mg of triazolam, or placebo at bedtime and 250 mg of caffeine or placebo in the morning for two treatment days. Two objective (Multiple Sleep Latency Test and lapses) and two subjective (Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Visual Analog Scale) measures of sleepiness, five performance tests, and two mood measures (Profile of Mood Scale and Visual Analog Scale) were administered repeatedly on both days. Electroencephalogram sleep was recorded on both nights. Objective sleep measures of daytime sleepiness were not significantly related to either performance or mood, but subjects with greater daytime sleepiness had significantly longer and more efficient nocturnal sleep. Neither benzodiazepine or caffeine influenced these relationships. In contrast, higher estimates of subjective sleepiness were significantly associated with poorer mood and tended to be related to poorer performance. Caffeine significantly reduced these relationships. Nocturnal sleep measures were not related to subjective estimates of daytime sleepiness.
本研究是一项规模更大的为期3天、2晚的双盲平行组设计的一部分，在该设计中，80名年轻成年男性被分为8个治疗组，以研究苯二氮䓬类药物和咖啡因对夜间睡眠、白天嗜睡、表现及情绪的影响。本研究旨在进一步探究白天嗜睡、表现、情绪与夜间睡眠之间的关系，并确定夜间使用苯二氮䓬类药物和早晨摄入咖啡因是否以及如何影响这些关系。受试者在就寝时服用15毫克或30毫克氟西泮、0.25毫克或0.50毫克三唑仑或安慰剂，并在早晨服用250毫克咖啡因或安慰剂，为期两个治疗日。在这两天中，重复进行两项客观（多次睡眠潜伏期测试和失误次数）和两项主观（斯坦福嗜睡量表和视觉模拟量表）的嗜睡测量、五项表现测试以及两项情绪测量（情绪量表和视觉模拟量表）。两晚均记录脑电图睡眠情况。白天嗜睡的客观睡眠测量结果与表现或情绪均无显著相关性，但白天嗜睡程度较高的受试者夜间睡眠明显更长且更有效率。苯二氮䓬类药物和咖啡因均未影响这些关系。相比之下，较高的主观嗜睡估计值与较差的情绪显著相关，并且往往与较差的表现有关。咖啡因显著减弱了这些关系。夜间睡眠测量结果与白天嗜睡的主观估计无关。
