Gerlach H, Esposito C, Stern D M
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032.
Annu Rev Med. 1990;41:15-24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.41.020190.000311.
As the cells forming the luminal vascular surface, endothelium regulates both barrier function, and pro- and anticoagulant reactions. Endothelial cells can do this by controlling the expression of cell surface molecules, such as receptors that regulate the hemostatic balance and those that affect permeability across the endothelial monolayer. This regulation occurs in response to environmental stimuli, such as cytokines, which have a central role in inflammation, or glucose-modified proteins, which accumulate in the vasculature in aging and diabetes and are associated with vascular complications. The endothelial cell emerges as a dynamic regulator maintaining homeostasis in the quiescent state and contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular lesions in the stimulated state.
作为构成管腔血管表面的细胞，内皮细胞调节屏障功能以及促凝血和抗凝血反应。内皮细胞可以通过控制细胞表面分子的表达来做到这一点，这些分子如调节止血平衡的受体以及影响内皮单层通透性的受体。这种调节是对环境刺激的反应，例如在炎症中起核心作用的细胞因子，或在衰老和糖尿病中在脉管系统中积累并与血管并发症相关的糖基化蛋白。内皮细胞成为一种动态调节因子，在静止状态下维持体内平衡，并在刺激状态下促进血管病变的发病机制。
