Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Nov;35(11):2075-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01559.x. Epub 2011 Aug 16.
To examine the association between alcohol consumption patterns and adherence to major food consumption guidelines in adults in Spain.
Telephone survey of 12,037 persons, representative of the population age 18 to 64 years in the region of Madrid, conducted from 2000 to 2005. The threshold between average moderate and excessive drinking was 40 g alcohol/d in men and 24 g/d in women. Binge drinking was defined as intake of ≥80 g alcohol in men and ≥60 g in women during 1 drinking session in the last 30 days. Food consumption was measured with a 24-hour recall. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders.
In total, 4.3% of study participants were excessive drinkers and 10.3% binge drinkers; 6.5% preferred spirits and 24.2% drank with meals. In comparison with never drinking, average moderate drinking with binge drinking was associated with excessive meat consumption (>1 serving/d). Excessive alcohol consumption without binge drinking was associated with insufficient intake of milk products (<2 servings/d) and excessive consumption of meat, fish, and eggs (>2 servings/d). Excessive drinkers with binge drinking more often did not meet the guidelines on consumption of fruit and vegetables (<3 servings/d), milk products, and meat. Excessive drinkers, with and without binge drinking, were more likely to skip a meal, especially breakfast. Consumption mainly of spirits was associated with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, and with skipping a meal. Finally, drinking at mealtimes was associated with poor adherence to most of the food consumption guidelines. No dietary differences between men and women were found in relation to alcohol consumption.
Average excessive alcohol consumption, binge drinking, preference for spirits, and drinking alcohol at mealtimes are associated with poor adherence to major food consumption guidelines.
研究西班牙成年人饮酒模式与主要食物消费指南依从性之间的关系。
对马德里地区年龄在 18 至 64 岁的人群进行了一项代表性的电话调查，调查时间为 2000 年至 2005 年。男性平均适度饮酒和过量饮酒的界限为 40 克酒精/天，女性为 24 克酒精/天。酗酒定义为在过去 30 天内的 1 次饮酒中男性摄入≥80 克酒精，女性摄入≥60 克酒精。食物摄入量通过 24 小时回忆法测量。使用逻辑回归进行统计分析，并调整了主要混杂因素。
共有 4.3%的研究参与者为过量饮酒者，10.3%为酗酒者；6.5%的人喜欢烈酒，24.2%的人在吃饭时喝酒。与从不饮酒者相比，适度饮酒且酗酒与过量食用肉类（>1 份/天）有关。无酗酒的过量饮酒与奶制品摄入不足（<2 份/天）和肉类、鱼类和蛋类摄入过量（>2 份/天）有关。有酗酒行为的过量饮酒者更不符合水果和蔬菜（<3 份/天）、奶制品和肉类的消费指南。有酗酒行为的过量饮酒者和无酗酒行为的过量饮酒者更有可能不吃饭，尤其是不吃早餐。主要饮用烈酒与水果和蔬菜摄入不足以及不吃饭有关。最后，吃饭时饮酒与大多数食物消费指南的依从性较差有关。在饮酒与食物消费之间，男性和女性没有发现饮食差异。
平均过量饮酒、酗酒、偏好烈酒以及吃饭时饮酒与主要食物消费指南的依从性差有关。
