Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge, PO Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794-9628, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Nov;22(11):437-42. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.07.004. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Growth hormone (GH) affects somatic growth, sexual maturation, body composition and metabolism, as well as aging and longevity. Mice lacking GH or GH receptor outlive their normal siblings and exhibit symptoms of delayed aging associated with improved insulin signaling and increased stress resistance. Beneficial effects of eliminating the actions of GH are counterintuitive but conform to the concept of antagonistic pleiotropy. Evolutionary selection for traits promoting early-life fitness and reproductive success could account for post-reproductive deficits. Reciprocal relationships between GH signaling and longevity discovered in mutant mice apply also to normal mice, other mammalian species, and perhaps humans. This review summarizes the present understanding of the multifaceted relationship between somatotropic signaling and mammalian aging.
生长激素（GH）影响躯体生长、性成熟、身体成分和代谢，以及衰老和长寿。缺乏 GH 或 GH 受体的小鼠比其正常同胞寿命更长，表现出与胰岛素信号改善和应激抵抗增加相关的衰老延迟症状。消除 GH 作用的有益效果违反直觉，但符合拮抗多效性的概念。选择促进生命早期适应性和生殖成功的特征可能是导致生殖后缺陷的原因。在突变小鼠中发现的 GH 信号与长寿之间的相互关系也适用于正常小鼠、其他哺乳动物物种，甚至人类。本文综述了目前对生长激素信号与哺乳动物衰老之间多方面关系的理解。
