Cordes A K, Frentz M, Schrage N F
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Köln.
Ophthalmologe. 2011 Oct;108(10):910-5. doi: 10.1007/s00347-010-2249-x.
Chemical burns of the eye are becoming rare due to improvements in occupational protection. Effective decontamination is the foundation for good clinical results of this ophthalmological emergency. The toxicological aspect focuses on classifying the specific toxicity of a chemical substance by evaluating the degree of eye irritation and eye burns. Chemical substances are classified into defined risk levels by specific tests. The traditional ophthalmological approach is based on the clinical presentation of eye burns as a result of contact with a specific toxic substance. In an integral approach it is shown that substance-specific characteristics, such as concentration and specific reactivity as well as individual features, such as mode and duration of exposition have an influence on the clinical appearance of the tissue damage. The decontamination is dependent on the mode of action and the effectiveness of the decontamination solution. Amphoteric substances have the best effectiveness for decontamination of the eye due to their specific characteristics.
由于职业防护的改善，眼部化学灼伤正变得罕见。有效的去污是这种眼科急症取得良好临床效果的基础。毒理学方面侧重于通过评估眼部刺激和眼部灼伤的程度来对化学物质的特定毒性进行分类。通过特定测试将化学物质分为明确的风险等级。传统的眼科方法基于因接触特定有毒物质而导致的眼部灼伤的临床表现。在一种综合方法中表明，物质的特定特性，如浓度和特定反应性，以及个体特征，如接触方式和持续时间，都会对组织损伤的临床表现产生影响。去污取决于作用方式和去污溶液的有效性。两性物质因其特定特性在眼部去污方面具有最佳效果。
