Czepita Damian, Mojsa Artur, Ustianowska Maria, Czepita Maciej, Lachowicz Ewelina
Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland.
Klin Oczna. 2011;113(1-3):22-4.
The aim of this study was to investigate on a large population if and how genetic factors have an influence on the occurrence of myopia.
A total of 5533 students were examined (2659 boys and 2874 girls, in age 6 18 years, mean age 11.9, S.D. 3.2). The examination included retinoscopy under cycloplegia induced with 1% tropicamide. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of at least -0.5 dioptres. The students and their parents completed a questionnaire on the child's family history of myopia. Data analysis was performed using chi-squared test; p-values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
It was found that myopia occurs more often in students whose father (p < 0.001), mother (p < 0.001) or siblings (p < 0.0001) have myopia. A relation between the occurrence of myopia in grandparents and grandchildren was not observed (p > 0.05).
The obtained results indicate that genetic factors have a significant effect on the occurrence of myopia.
本研究旨在对大量人群进行调查，以确定遗传因素是否以及如何影响近视的发生。
共检查了5533名学生（2659名男生和2874名女生，年龄在6至18岁之间，平均年龄11.9岁，标准差3.2）。检查包括使用1%托吡卡胺散瞳后的视网膜检影。近视定义为等效球镜度数至少为-0.5屈光度。学生及其父母填写了一份关于孩子近视家族史的问卷。使用卡方检验进行数据分析；p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
发现父亲（p<0.001）、母亲（p<0.001）或兄弟姐妹患有近视（p<0.0001）的学生近视发生率更高。未观察到祖父母与孙子女近视发生之间的关系（p>0.05）。
所得结果表明遗传因素对近视的发生有显著影响。
