Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Nov;105(11):667-9. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.07.014. Epub 2011 Aug 19.
Clostridium difficile is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of nosocomial and HIV-related diarrhea. In many developing countries, antibiotic access is unregulated. Nigeria has the third highest HIV burden worldwide. Due to perceptions of low prevalence and resource incapacity, patients with diarrhea are not tested for toxinogenic C. difficile infection (CDI). In this pilot study which included 97 HIV-positive patients at two hospitals in Nigeria, the estimated prevalence of CDI was 43% and 14% for in-patients and out-patients respectively. HIV-positive out-patients were more likely to have toxinogenic CDI than non-HIV out-patients (P=0.007, Fisher's exact test).
艰难梭菌是医院内和 HIV 相关腹泻最常见的细菌病原体。在许多发展中国家，抗生素的使用不受监管。尼日利亚是全球 HIV 负担第三高的国家。由于认为发病率低且资源能力不足，腹泻患者不会进行产毒艰难梭菌感染 (CDI) 的检测。在这项包括尼日利亚两家医院 97 名 HIV 阳性患者的试点研究中，住院患者和门诊患者的 CDI 估计患病率分别为 43%和 14%。产毒 CDI 在 HIV 阳性门诊患者中的检出率高于非 HIV 阳性门诊患者（P=0.007，Fisher 确切检验）。
