Liu Qiaolan, Zhou Huan, Yang Yang, Hu Bingshuang, Ma Xiao, Chen Huihui
West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2011 Jul;40(4):445-9.
To explore the influencing factors on psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas and to find protective factors for psychological resilience by Structural Equation Model.
349 left-behind children of two rural middle schools in Zizhong County, Sichuan Province were measured in group by the Social Support Appraisals (SS-A) Scale and California Health Kids Survey Resilience Assessment Module (HKRA) and other appraisal scales as well as cross-section investigated by self-made questionnaire, using Structural Equation Model for statistical analysis.
Psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas was divided into two parts which were external protective factor and internal characteristic of individual. The latter was directly impacted by the former (beta = 1.138, P < 0.001) and gender (beta = 0.086, P = 0.048). External protective factor of psychological resilience was directly impacted by family support (beta = 0.076, P = 0.047), parents concern (beta = 0.092, P < 0.001), parental relationship (beta = 0.024, P = 0.043) and mother requiring (beta = 0.050, P = 0.065) and indirectly impacted by friends support, other support, the time of mothers working outside and guardian requiring. There was positive relationship between academic performance and internal characteristics of psychological resilience of left-behind children (r = 0.026, P = 0.055).
Psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas was influenced by multidimensional factors. Family support, especially mother's care was the key protective factor. Guardians, teachers and friends support and care were also protective factors. Gender difference occurred as to internal characteristic of psychological resilience of the female left-behind children was higher than that of the male.
通过结构方程模型探讨农村留守儿童心理韧性的影响因素，寻找心理韧性的保护因素。
采用社会支持评定量表（SS-A）、加利福尼亚健康儿童调查韧性评估模块（HKRA）等评定量表对四川省资中县两所农村中学的349名留守儿童进行团体施测，并通过自制问卷进行横断面调查，采用结构方程模型进行统计分析。
农村留守儿童心理韧性分为外部保护因素和个体内部特征两部分，后者直接受前者（β = 1.138，P < 0.001）和性别（β = 0.086，P = 0.048）的影响。心理韧性的外部保护因素直接受家庭支持（β = 0.076，P = 0.047）、父母关心（β = 0.092，P < 0.001）、父母关系（β = 0.024，P = 0.043）和母亲要求（β = 0.050，P = 0.065）的影响，并间接受朋友支持、其他支持、母亲外出工作时间和监护人要求的影响。学习成绩与留守儿童心理韧性的内部特征呈正相关（r = 0.026，P = 0.055）。
农村留守儿童心理韧性受多维度因素影响。家庭支持，尤其是母亲的关爱是关键保护因素。监护人、教师和朋友的支持与关爱也是保护因素。心理韧性的内部特征存在性别差异，女性留守儿童高于男性。
