Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Jul;184(7):4367-82. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2270-9. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
To explore a comprehensive status of heavy metals in the Taihu Lake, which is one of the most important waters in China, water and sediment samples were taken throughout the lake during April to May of 2010, and metal elements (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sb, Zn, Mn) were analyzed in the water column, interstitial water and sediment. Relevant standards were used to assess the sediment and water quality. Results show that, in the lake water column, the average concentration of all metals ranged from 0.047 μg/l (Cd) to 8.778 μg/l (Zn). The concentration in the river water was usually higher than in the lake water for many metals. In the interstitial water Mn was significantly higher than that in water column, and other metals had no significant difference between the two media. In the surface sediment, average metal content ranged from 1.325 mg/kg (Cd) to 798.2 mg/kg (Mn). Spatially, contents of many metals were higher in Zhushan Bay than in other lake areas, and there existed a clear content gradient from the river to the lake for both water and sediment. On the sediment profiles, many metals presented an increasing trend from the depth of 15-20 cm to the top, which is indicative of the impact of increasingly intensive human activities from that period. Quality assessment indicates that metals in water phase are generally safe compared with USEPA "National Recommended Water Quality Criteria," with the exception of Mn in the interstitial water and Sb in the river water. Whereas the sediment is widely contaminated with metals to some extent compared with the "Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines," and Cu, Cr, and Ni are more likely to raise ecological risks. This work could be a basis for the ongoing China's criteria strategy.
为了探究中国最重要的湖泊之一太湖中的重金属的综合状况，于 2010 年 4 月至 5 月期间在整个湖泊中采集了水样和沉积物样品，并对水柱、间隙水和沉积物中的金属元素（Cu、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Sn、Sb、Zn、Mn）进行了分析。采用相关标准对沉积物和水质进行了评估。结果表明，在湖水中，所有金属的平均浓度范围为 0.047μg/L（Cd）至 8.778μg/L（Zn）。对于许多金属来说，河水的浓度通常高于湖水。在间隙水中，Mn 的浓度明显高于水柱中的浓度，而其他金属在这两种介质之间没有显著差异。在表层沉积物中，平均金属含量范围为 1.325mg/kg（Cd）至 798.2mg/kg（Mn）。从空间上看，许多金属在竺山湾的含量高于其他湖区，无论是水还是沉积物，都存在从河流到湖泊的明显含量梯度。在沉积物剖面上，许多金属从 15-20cm 的深度到顶部呈现出增加的趋势，这表明该时期人类活动的影响越来越强烈。质量评估表明，与美国环保署的“国家推荐水质标准”相比，水相中的金属通常是安全的，除了间隙水中的 Mn 和河水中的 Sb。而与“基于共识的沉积物质量准则”相比，沉积物在一定程度上受到了广泛的金属污染，Cu、Cr 和 Ni 更有可能引发生态风险。这项工作可以为中国正在进行的标准战略提供依据。
