Kumar Sandeep, Misra Amita, Verma Alok Kumar, Roy Ruchi, Tripathi Anurag, Ansari Kausar M, Das Mukul, Dwivedi Premendra D
Food Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
GM Crops. 2011 Apr-Jun;2(2):92-8. doi: 10.4161/gmcr.2.2.16335. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
Brinjal occupies the major proportion amongst all vegetable crops in India and is vulnerable to many diseases caused by insect-pests, fungus, bacteria and virus. Brinjal production is extensively affected by the insect brinjal fruit and shoot borer. Use of conventional chemical pesticides not only damage environment including the biotic and abiotic components but, also affect human health. Bt Brinjal was developed to combat brinjal fruit and shoot borer that has an advantage minimizing use of chemical pesticides. Extensive biosafety investigations, nutritional studies, substantial equivalence studies, relative toxicity and allergenicity assessment using animal models like Sprague Dawley rats, Brown Norway rats, rabbit, fish, chicken, goats, etc. revealed no significant differences between genetically modified brinjal and its native counterpart. Bt brinjal could effectively control the target pest and was found to be safe for environment and human health. In spite of all the scientific studies, release of Bt Brinjal has been put under moratorium. Indian government has constituted an expert committee to address this issue. In this review we have tried to explore the facts related to Bt Brinjal including its production, use of Bt toxin, use of chemical pesticides in controlling the FSB in native brinjal, along with perspective of public opinion and government initiatives. Key words: Bt Brinjal, agriculture, insecticides, GM foods, agrobacterium, transgenic crops.
茄子在印度所有蔬菜作物中占比最大，且易受多种由害虫、真菌、细菌和病毒引起的疾病影响。茄子的产量受到茄子果实和嫩茎螟虫的广泛影响。使用传统化学农药不仅会破坏包括生物和非生物成分在内的环境，还会影响人类健康。转基因抗虫茄子的研发是为了对抗茄子果实和嫩茎螟虫，其优势在于减少化学农药的使用。通过广泛的生物安全性调查、营养研究、实质等同性研究以及使用斯普拉格·道利大鼠、棕色挪威大鼠、兔子、鱼类、鸡、山羊等动物模型进行的相对毒性和致敏性评估发现，转基因茄子与其天然对应物之间没有显著差异。转基因抗虫茄子能够有效控制目标害虫，并且被发现对环境和人类健康是安全的。尽管有所有这些科学研究，转基因抗虫茄子的推广仍被暂停。印度政府已成立一个专家委员会来处理这个问题。在这篇综述中，我们试图探讨与转基因抗虫茄子相关的事实，包括其生产、Bt毒素的使用、在控制天然茄子中的茄子果实和嫩茎螟虫时化学农药的使用，以及公众舆论和政府举措的观点。关键词：转基因抗虫茄子、农业、杀虫剂、转基因食品、农杆菌、转基因作物。
