用于测量黑色素瘤风险、知识和保护行为的问卷：在苏格兰和澳大利亚的便利样本中评估内容效度。
A questionnaire to measure melanoma risk, knowledge and protective behaviour: assessing content validity in a convenience sample of Scots and Australians.
机构信息
Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Scotland.
出版信息
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011 Aug 25;11:123. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-123.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the content validity of a questionnaire to measure melanoma risk, knowledge and protective behaviour in a convenience sample of Scots and Australians. Australia has the highest melanoma incidence worldwide but has developed a culture of skin cancer avoidance with a long history of skin cancer primary prevention campaigns of proven effectiveness. Scotland has lower incidence, but has shown a greater rate of increase between 1985 and 2007. There is an urgent need in Scotland, therefore, to identify those groups at greatest risk and provide them with effective preventative advice.
METHOD
A self-administered postal survey was completed by four groups formed from convenience samples in two geographical locations (Northeast Scotland and Western Australia). In univariate analysis scores on personal risk, level of concern, protective behaviour, and knowledge were compared by nationality, previous skin cancer diagnosis and personally knowing someone with melanoma. Multivariate linear regression analysis modelled the influence of potential predictor variables upon each of the scores.
RESULTS
540 people completed the questionnaire, 273 Scots (50.6%). 133 (24.6%) Scots and 83 (15.4%) Australians previously had melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer, whilst 120 (22.2%) Scots and 190 (35.2%) Australians personally knew someone with melanoma. Australians had higher knowledge (p < 0.001), level of concern (p < 0.001) and protective behaviour (p < 0.001) scores than the Scottish. Australian nationality was the strongest independent predictor of a higher knowledge score (p < 0.001), followed by a previous skin cancer diagnosis (p = 0.003), personal knowledge of someone with melanoma (p = 0.011), female gender (p = 0.005) and higher education status (p < 0.001) (R(2) = 0.163).
CONCLUSION
The questionnaire detected higher levels of knowledge and skin cancer protective behaviours in Australians than in Scottish people. This was expected and supports the content validity of the questionnaire and its value as a future research tool in the Scottish population.
背景
本研究旨在评估一份用于测量苏格兰和澳大利亚人群中黑素瘤风险、知识和防护行为的问卷的内容效度。澳大利亚是世界上黑素瘤发病率最高的国家，但已经形成了一种避免皮肤癌的文化，长期以来一直开展具有良好效果的皮肤癌初级预防活动。苏格兰的发病率较低，但在 1985 年至 2007 年间发病率增长速度更快。因此，苏格兰迫切需要确定风险最大的人群，并为他们提供有效的预防建议。
方法
通过在两个地理位置（苏格兰东北部和西澳大利亚）的便利样本中组建四个小组，完成了一项自我管理的邮寄调查。在单变量分析中，通过国籍、先前的皮肤癌诊断和个人认识患有黑素瘤的人，比较了个人风险、关注程度、防护行为和知识的得分。多元线性回归分析模型用于模拟潜在预测变量对每个得分的影响。
结果
540 人完成了问卷，其中 273 名苏格兰人（50.6%）。133 名（24.6%）苏格兰人和 83 名（15.4%）澳大利亚人以前曾患有黑素瘤或非黑素瘤皮肤癌，而 120 名（22.2%）苏格兰人和 190 名（35.2%）澳大利亚人个人认识患有黑素瘤的人。澳大利亚人的知识得分（p < 0.001）、关注程度得分（p < 0.001）和防护行为得分（p < 0.001）均高于苏格兰人。澳大利亚国籍是知识得分较高的最强独立预测因素（p < 0.001），其次是以前的皮肤癌诊断（p = 0.003）、个人认识患有黑素瘤的人（p = 0.011）、女性性别（p = 0.005）和较高的教育程度（p < 0.001）（R2 = 0.163）。
结论
问卷检测到澳大利亚人群的知识和皮肤癌防护行为水平高于苏格兰人群。这是意料之中的，支持了问卷的内容效度及其作为苏格兰人群未来研究工具的价值。
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