Rogers G S, Gilchrest B A
Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
Br J Dermatol. 1990 Apr;122 Suppl 35:55-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb16126.x.
There is a wealth of new knowledge regarding mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their interaction with senescence and environmental insults, particularly on the effects of UV irradiation on the skin. Innovations and advances in tissue culture techniques now permit in vitro studies of keratinocytes and other benign and malignant skin-derived cells. The ageing processes and cutaneous neoplasia, therefore, can now be studied at the cellular level. New insights regarding the interrelationship of ageing, environment and cutaneous neoplasia are close at hand. Depletion in the number of Langerhans cells and suppression of their function in ageing and UV-exposed skin may allow tumour cells to overcome the host's defence system. The potential increase in UV irradiation due to depletion of the ozone layer may increase the incidence of skin tumours. Carcinogenesis involves three distinct steps: initiation, promotion, and malignant conversion. The mechanism has been studied in mice, where it is suggested the c-ras oncogene may play an important role.
关于致癌机制及其与衰老和环境损伤的相互作用，特别是紫外线辐射对皮肤的影响，有大量的新知识。组织培养技术的创新和进步现在允许对角质形成细胞以及其他良性和恶性皮肤衍生细胞进行体外研究。因此，衰老过程和皮肤肿瘤现在可以在细胞水平上进行研究。关于衰老、环境和皮肤肿瘤之间相互关系的新见解即将出现。朗格汉斯细胞数量的减少以及它们在衰老和紫外线照射皮肤中的功能抑制可能使肿瘤细胞克服宿主的防御系统。由于臭氧层损耗导致的紫外线辐射潜在增加可能会增加皮肤肿瘤的发病率。致癌作用涉及三个不同的步骤：启动、促进和恶性转化。该机制已在小鼠中进行了研究，有人认为c-ras癌基因可能起重要作用。
