UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-000, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Feb 10;183(3-4):260-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.051. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
The indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the establishment of parasite resistance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiparasitic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus in sheep and the in vivo effect on Strongyloides venezuelensis in Rattus norvegicus. The plant extracts from Piper tuberculatum, Lippia sidoides, Mentha piperita, Hura crepitans and Carapa guianensis, produced at different research institutions, were chemically analyzed and evaluated through the egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) in H. contortus. P. tuberculatum (150 and 250 mg kg(-1) of body weight) was evaluated for its anthelmintic action on R. norvegicus experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis. In the EHT, the LC(50) and LC(90) of the extracts were respectively as follows: 0.031 and 0.09 mg mL(-1) for P. tuberculatum, 0.04 and 0.13 mg mL(-1) for L. sidoides, 0.037 and 0.10 mg mL(-1) for M. piperita, 2.16 and 17.13 mg mL(-1) for H. crepitans and 2.03 × 10(-6) and 1.22 × 10(-12) mg mL(-1) for C. guianensis. In the LDT, the LC(50) and LC(90) were respectively: 0.02 and 0.031 mg mL(-1) for P. tuberculatum, 0.002 and 0.04 mg mL(-1) for L. sidoides, 0.018 and 0.03 mg mL(-1) for M. piperita, 0.36 and 0.91 mg mL(-1) for H. crepitans and 17.65 and 1890 mg mL(-1) for C. guianensis. The extract of P. tuberculatum showed the following substances: piperamides as (Z)-piplartine, (E)-piplartine, 8,9-dihydropiplartine, piperine, 10,11-dihydropiperine, 5,6 dihydropiperlongumine and pellitorine. The major compounds of the oils were thymol (76.6%) for L. sidoides, menthol (27.5%) for M. piperita and oleic acid (46.8%) for C. guianensis. Regarding the in vivo test, neither dose of P. tuberculatum caused any significant reduction (P>0.05) in worm burden and fecal egg counts compared with the control group. We conclude that the extracts of P. tuberculatum, L. sidoides and M. piperita have effective activity when tested in vitro, but the doses of the extract of P. tuberculatum have no effect when employed in in vivo tests.
驱虫剂的滥用导致寄生虫产生了耐药性。因此，本研究旨在评估植物提取物对绵羊捻转血矛线虫的体外抗寄生虫作用，以及对感染委内瑞拉旋毛线虫的大鼠的体内作用。从不同研究机构提取的胡椒 Tubercultatum、 Lippia sidoides、薄荷 Piperita、Hura crepitans 和 Carapa guianensis 的植物提取物进行了化学成分分析，并通过卵孵化试验（EHT）和幼虫发育试验（LDT）在 Haemonchus contortus 中进行了评估。用胡椒 Tubercultatum（150 和 250mg/kg 体重）对实验感染委内瑞拉旋毛线虫的大鼠进行驱虫作用评价。在 EHT 中，提取物的 LC（50）和 LC（90）分别为：0.031 和 0.09mg/mL 用于 P. tuberculatum，0.04 和 0.13mg/mL 用于 L. sidoides，0.037 和 0.10mg/mL 用于 M. piperita，2.16 和 17.13mg/mL 用于 H. crepitans，以及 2.03×10（-6）和 1.22×10（-12）mg/mL 用于 C. guianensis。在 LDT 中，LC（50）和 LC（90）分别为：0.02 和 0.031mg/mL 用于 P. tuberculatum，0.002 和 0.04mg/mL 用于 L. sidoides，0.018 和 0.03mg/mL 用于 M. piperita，0.36 和 0.91mg/mL 用于 H. crepitans，以及 17.65 和 1890mg/mL 用于 C. guianensis。胡椒 Tubercultatum 提取物中含有以下物质：哌拉嗪类（Z）-胡椒碱、（E）-胡椒碱、8,9-二氢胡椒碱、胡椒碱、10,11-二氢胡椒碱、5,6-二氢哌罗灵和培立托灵。L. sidoides 油的主要化合物为百里酚（76.6%），M. piperita 为薄荷醇（27.5%），C. guianensis 为油酸（46.8%）。关于体内试验，与对照组相比，胡椒 Tubercultatum 的两个剂量均未显著降低（P>0.05）蠕虫负荷和粪便卵计数。我们得出结论，在体外试验中，胡椒 Tubercultatum、L. sidoides 和 M. piperita 的提取物具有有效活性，但胡椒 Tubercultatum 提取物的剂量在体内试验中没有效果。
