Ziemann Ewa, Sledziewska Ewelina, Grzywacz Tomasz, Gibson Ann L, Wierzba Tomasz H
Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Physiotherapy, Sopot, Poland.
Georgian Med News. 2011 Jul-Aug(196-197):19-27.
The study was performed to evaluate relationships among the major anthropological parameters: (body mass - BM, height, body mass index - BMI, lean body mass - FFM, proportion of fat mass -Fat%), physical capacity, and the tennis federations ranking position as an index of the temporal sport success. Seventeen elite female tennis players, divided into three age-matched groups (15, 16, and 17 yr) participated in this study. All the players had a national singles ranking (positions between 1st-80th) and in International Tennis Federation's Junior Circuit ranking (ITFJC; 21st to 990th position of ITF). Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was calculated from the distance covered in 12-min run test via Cooper's formula. Wingate test with lactate assay was used as an index of anaerobic capacity. There was a significant age-related trend for an increase in BM, height, FFT, and Fat%, associated with impressive shift of the anthropological indexes of body weight and height, assessed by the percentile chart analysis. The unexpected body growth spurt evidently observed between aged 15 and 17 is supposed to reflect a delay in somatic development, related to extensive exercise load. Body composition did not correlate to the ranking positions. All tested tennis players revealed excellent aerobic capacity associated with poor indices of anaerobic fitness. The position in the tennis federations rankings correlated to VO2max but not with maximal power or maximal work output assessed by Wingate test. In the whole group the maximal power and work output were proportional to BMI and FFM, but not to Fat%. In conclusion, in light of the contradictory reports concerning a possible link between strenuous regular exercise performed by young children and adolescent elite sportsmen our data indicate a delayed growth spurt in the elite female tennis players to occur between ages 15 and 17. The other important finding in terms of prospective for future professional career is the evident link between aerobic capacity and ranking positions.
本研究旨在评估主要人体测量学参数（体重 - BM、身高、体重指数 - BMI、去脂体重 - FFM、体脂百分比 - Fat%）、身体能力与网球联合会排名之间的关系，网球联合会排名作为短期运动成绩的指标。17名精英女子网球运动员，分为三个年龄匹配组（15岁、16岁和17岁）参与了本研究。所有运动员均有全国单打排名（第1 - 80位）以及国际网球联合会青少年巡回赛排名（ITFJC；ITF排名第21至990位）。通过生物电阻抗评估身体成分。通过库珀公式根据12分钟跑测试中的距离计算最大有氧能力（VO2max）。采用乳酸测定的温盖特测试作为无氧能力指标。通过百分位数图表分析评估，BM、身高、FFT和Fat%随年龄有显著增加趋势，同时体重和身高的人体测量学指标出现明显变化。15至17岁之间明显出现的意外身体生长突增被认为反映了与大量运动负荷相关的身体发育延迟。身体成分与排名无关。所有受试网球运动员均表现出出色的有氧能力，但无氧适能指标较差。网球联合会排名与VO2max相关，但与温盖特测试评估的最大功率或最大功输出无关。在整个组中，最大功率和功输出与BMI和FFM成正比，但与Fat%无关。总之，鉴于关于幼儿和青少年精英运动员进行剧烈常规运动之间可能存在联系的相互矛盾的报道，我们的数据表明精英女子网球运动员在15至17岁之间出现生长突增延迟。就未来职业生涯前景而言，另一个重要发现是有氧能力与排名之间存在明显联系。
