Waldziński Tomasz, Waldzińska Ewa, Durzyńska Aleksandra, Niespodziński Bartłomiej, Mieszkowski Jan, Kochanowicz Andrzej
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, Lomza, 18-400, Poland.
Department of Biological Foundations of Physical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences and Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, 85-064, Poland.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Sep 11;16(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00978-3.
To date, no longitudinal studies of quarterly changes have been conducted on the differences in the development of motor coordination between boys and girls in relation to changes in their tennis skills level. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the development of motor coordination of 10-12-year-old tennis players over the course of 1 year, in the light of changes in tennis skills preparation.
One-hundred eighty male and female tennis players aged 10, 11, or 12 years old participated in the study. Each age group comprised 30 boys and 30 girls. To investigate their motor coordination development, a battery of general tests (simple reaction, complex reaction, Spalding test, spider test, hexagon jumping, Starosta's test, hand-eye test, balance, plate tapping, jump rope) and specific tennis skills tests (wall game and 100-tennis ball tests) were performed 4 times quarterly over 1 year. Differences between sexes and the time points were assessed. The rate of development evaluation was based on beta coefficient of linear regression.
Boys generally performed better in tennis skills tests than girls. The boys performed better also in one motor coordination test (Spalding test) among 10-year-olds, in two additional tests (spider and plate tapping tests) among 11-year-olds, and another three more tests (simple reaction, complex reaction and Starosta's tests) among 12-year-olds. Jump rope test among 10-year-olds and hexagon jump test among 12-year-olds were the only tests where girls performed better than boys. On the other hand, girls showed higher rate of development in balance and complex reaction tests than boys.
We conclude that motor coordination and tennis skills development over 1 year is age-, sex-, and task-dependent, with the 10-12-year-old male tennis players performing better in tennis skills and overall motor coordination than females.
迄今为止，尚未有关于男孩和女孩运动协调发展差异与网球技能水平变化之间关系的季度变化纵向研究。因此，本研究的目的是根据网球技能准备情况的变化，评估10至12岁网球运动员在1年时间里运动协调能力的发展。
180名年龄在10、11或12岁的男女网球运动员参与了本研究。每个年龄组包括30名男孩和30名女孩。为了调查他们的运动协调发展情况，在1年时间里每季度进行4次一系列常规测试（简单反应、复杂反应、斯波尔丁测试、蜘蛛测试、六边形跳跃、斯塔罗斯塔测试、手眼测试、平衡测试、拍板测试、跳绳测试）和特定的网球技能测试（壁球游戏和100个网球测试）。评估了性别和时间点之间的差异。发展评估率基于线性回归的β系数。
男孩在网球技能测试中的表现总体上优于女孩。在10岁组中，男孩在一项运动协调测试（斯波尔丁测试）中表现更好；在11岁组中，男孩在另外两项测试（蜘蛛测试和拍板测试）中表现更好；在12岁组中，男孩在另外三项测试（简单反应、复杂反应和斯塔罗斯塔测试）中表现更好。10岁组的跳绳测试和12岁组的六边形跳跃测试是女孩表现优于男孩的仅有的测试。另一方面，女孩在平衡测试和复杂反应测试中的发展速度高于男孩。
我们得出结论，1年时间里的运动协调和网球技能发展取决于年龄、性别和任务，10至12岁的男性网球运动员在网球技能和整体运动协调方面的表现优于女性。
