Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2645-52. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318201be16.
This investigation evaluated the effects of a 4-week, 12-session training program using resisted sprint training (RST), assisted sprint training (AST), and traditional sprint training (TST) on maximal velocity and acceleration in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division IA female soccer athletes (n = 27). The subjects, using their respective training modality, completed 10 maximal effort sprints of 20 yd (18.3 m) followed by a 20-yd (18.3 m) deceleration to jog. Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance and analyses of variance demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) 3-way interactions (time × distance × group) and 2-way interactions (time × group), respectively, for both velocity and acceleration. Paired t-tests demonstrated that maximum 40-yd (36.6-m) velocity increased significantly in both the AST (p < 0.001) and RST (p < 0.05) groups, with no change in the TST group. Five-yard (4.6-m), 15-yd (13.7 m), 5- to 15-yd (4.6- to 13.7-m) acceleration increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the AST group and did not change in the RST and TST groups. Fifteen- to 25-yd (13.7- to 22.9-m) acceleration increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the RST group, decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the AST group, and was unchanged in the TST group. Twenty-five to 40-yd (22.9- to 36.6-m) acceleration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the RST group and remained unchanged in the AST and TST groups. It is purposed that the increased 5-yd (4.6-m) and 15-yd (13.7-m) accelerations were the result of enhanced neuromuscular facilitation in response to the 12-session supramaximal training protocol. Accordingly, it is suggested that athletes participating in short distance acceleration events (i.e., ≤15 yd; ≤13.7 m) use AST protocols, whereas athletes participating in events that require greater maximum velocity (i.e., >15 yd; > 13.7 m) should use resisted sprint training protocols.
本研究评估了四周 12 次训练方案中使用抗阻冲刺训练（RST）、辅助冲刺训练（AST）和传统冲刺训练（TST）对美国大学生体育协会（NCAA）一级女性足球运动员最大速度和加速度的影响（n=27）。研究对象使用各自的训练方式完成了 10 次 20 码（18.3 米）的最大努力冲刺，然后进行 20 码（18.3 米）的减速至慢跑。重复测量多元方差分析和方差分析分别显示了速度和加速度的三向交互（时间×距离×组）和双向交互（时间×组）均具有显著意义（p<0.001）。配对 t 检验表明，AST（p<0.001）和 RST（p<0.05）组的 40 码（36.6 米）最大速度均显著增加，而 TST 组无变化。AST 组的 5 码（4.6 米）、15 码（13.7 米）和 5 码至 15 码（4.6 米至 13.7 米）的加速度显著增加（p<0.01），RST 和 TST 组无变化。RST 组的 15 码至 25 码（13.7 米至 22.9 米）的加速度显著增加（p<0.01），AST 组显著降低（p<0.01），TST 组无变化。25 码至 40 码（22.9 米至 36.6 米）的加速度在 RST 组中显著增加（p<0.05），AST 和 TST 组无变化。提出的原因是，12 次超最大训练方案引起的神经肌肉促进作用增强，导致 5 码（4.6 米）和 15 码（13.7 米）的加速度增加。因此，建议参加短距离加速项目（即≤15 码；≤13.7 米）的运动员使用 AST 方案，而参加需要更大最大速度的项目（即>15 码；>13.7 米）的运动员应使用抗阻冲刺训练方案。
