School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Jan;38(1):152-63. doi: 10.1037/a0024953. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
This experiment investigated whether individual differences in written language proficiency among university students predict the early stages of lexical retrieval tapped by the masked form priming lexical decision task. To separate the contributions of sublexical facilitation and lexical competition to masked form priming, the effects of prime lexicality were directly compared for both transposed-letter (TL) primes (e.g., sung SNUG; salb SLAB) and neighbor primes (e.g., snag SNUG; sleb SLAB) in a sample of 100 university students assessed on measures of reading, spelling and vocabulary. The data for the whole sample showed facilitation from nonword primes, but inhibition from word primes. Linear mixed models including the individual difference measures showed that higher scores on a principal component that captured the shared variance among reading, spelling, and vocabulary were associated with both stronger inhibition from TL word primes and stronger facilitation from neighbor nonword primes. These findings are consistent with the lexical quality hypothesis of reading that predicts that skilled readers vary in the extent to which they have developed precisely specified orthographic representations.
本实验研究了大学生书面语言水平的个体差异是否能预测词汇决策任务中掩蔽形式启动所涉及的词汇提取的早期阶段。为了将亚词汇促进和词汇竞争对掩蔽形式启动的影响分开，在 100 名大学生样本中，对转换字母（TL）启动（例如 sung SNUG；salb SLAB）和近邻启动（例如 snag SNUG；sleb SLAB）的词汇性进行了直接比较，该样本通过阅读、拼写和词汇测试进行了评估。整个样本的数据显示非词启动有促进作用，但词启动有抑制作用。包括个体差异度量的线性混合模型表明，在捕获阅读、拼写和词汇之间的共同方差的主要成分上得分较高的个体，与 TL 词启动的抑制作用更强以及近邻非词启动的促进作用更强有关。这些发现与阅读的词汇质量假说一致，该假说预测熟练读者在发展精确的正字法表示方面存在差异。
