Duke University, Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
J Adolesc. 2012 Apr;35(2):367-79. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
Context processing has significant empirical support as an explanation of age- and psychopathology-related deficiencies in cognitive control. We examined whether context processing generalizes to younger individuals who are in trouble with the law. We tested whether age and delinquency might have unique relations to context processing skills in four samples of male participants: adolescent offenders (n = 43), control adolescents (n = 33), young adult offenders (n = 40), and control young adults (n = 31). We used a modified Stroop task to measure context processing (i.e., attention, memory, and response inhibition). Task performance was superior for older participants in conditions most demanding of context processing skills. Adolescent offenders and control adolescents showed difficulties engaging selective attention to filter out irrelevant information, even after controlling for the effects of age. Control adolescents made the most errors in the condition most demanding of context processing, whereas the other three samples showed slower processing but fewer errors in context processing.
语境处理作为一种解释认知控制随年龄和精神病理学变化而出现缺陷的理论，具有重要的实证支持。我们考察了语境处理是否可以推广到那些因违法而陷入困境的年轻人。我们在四个男性参与者样本中检验了年龄和犯罪是否与语境处理技能有独特的关系：青少年罪犯（n=43）、对照青少年（n=33）、年轻成年罪犯（n=40）和对照年轻成年人（n=31）。我们使用改良的 Stroop 任务来衡量语境处理（即注意力、记忆和反应抑制）。在对语境处理技能要求最高的条件下，年长参与者的表现优于年轻参与者。青少年罪犯和对照青少年在选择性注意力方面表现出难以过滤无关信息的困难，即使在控制了年龄的影响之后也是如此。对照青少年在对语境处理要求最高的条件下犯的错误最多，而其他三个样本在语境处理中表现出较慢的处理速度，但错误较少。
