Department of Neurology, Center of Sleep Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
Parkinsons Dis. 2011;2011:219056. doi: 10.4061/2011/219056. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Sleep disturbances are common problems affecting the quality life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and are often underestimated. The causes of sleep disturbances are multifactorial and include nocturnal motor disturbances, nocturia, depressive symptoms, and medication use. Comorbidity of PD with sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, or circadian cycle disruption also results in impaired sleep. In addition, the involvement of serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic neurons in the brainstem as a disease-related change contributes to impaired sleep structures. Excessive daytime sleepiness is not only secondary to nocturnal disturbances or dopaminergic medication but may also be due to independent mechanisms related to impairments in ascending arousal system and the orexin system. Notably, several recent lines of evidence suggest a strong link between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. In the present paper, we review the current literature concerning sleep disorders in PD.
睡眠障碍是常见问题，会影响帕金森病 (PD) 患者的生活质量，且常被低估。睡眠障碍的原因是多因素的，包括夜间运动障碍、夜尿症、抑郁症状和药物使用。PD 合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、不安腿综合征、快速眼动睡眠行为障碍或昼夜节律紊乱也会导致睡眠受损。此外，中脑内 5-羟色胺能、去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能神经元作为与疾病相关的变化，导致睡眠结构受损。白天过度嗜睡不仅是夜间紊乱或多巴胺能药物的继发症状，也可能与上行觉醒系统和食欲素系统损伤相关的独立机制有关。值得注意的是，最近有几项证据表明，快速眼动睡眠行为障碍与帕金森病等神经退行性疾病的风险之间存在很强的关联。本文综述了与 PD 相关的睡眠障碍的现有文献。
