Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011;46(11):1266-73. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2011.598814.
Aquacultural tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus L.) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon L.) from groundwater-cultured ponds in southwestern Taiwan were analyzed to estimate arsenic (As) bioaccumulation and the potential health risk to human intake. Most of aquacultural ponds exhibited higher arsenic than maximum allowed concentrations (50 μg L(-1)) in pond water of Taiwan. Arsenic levels in tilapia in Budai, Yichu and Beimen were 0.92 ± 0.52 μg g(-1), 0.93 ± 0.19 μg g(-1) and 0.76 ± 0.03 μg g(-1), respectively and in shrimp was 0.36 ± 0.01 μg g(-1) in Beimen. Total arsenic in tilapia is highly correlated (R(2) = 0.80) with total arsenic concentration of pond water. Total arsenic in fish showed high correlation with that in bone (R(2) = 0.98), head (R(2) = 0.97) and tissue (R(2) = 0.96). Organic arsenic species (DMA) was found higher relative to inorganic species of As(III) and As(V). The average percent contribution of inorganic arsenic to total arsenic in fish samples was 12.5% and ranged between 11.7 to 14.2%. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for total arsenic in fish ranged from 10.3 to 22.1, whereas BAF for inorganic arsenic ranged from 1.33 to 2.82. The mean human health cancer risk associated with the ingestion of inorganic arsenic in the fish was estimated at 2.36 × 10(-4) ± 0.99 × 10(-4), which is over 200 times greater than a de Minimus cancer risk of 1 × 10(-6). The mean human health hazard quotient associated with ingesting inorganic arsenic in the fish was 1.22 ± 0.52, indicating that expected human exposure exceeds the reference dose for non-cancer health effects by 22%. These results suggest that the inhabitants in this region are being subjected to moderately elevated arsenic exposure through the consumption of tilapia and shrimp raised in aquaculture ponds.
台湾西南部地下水养殖池塘的奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus L.）和南美白对虾（Penaeus monodon L.）被分析以估计砷（As）的生物累积和对人类摄入的潜在健康风险。大多数水产养殖池塘的池塘水中的砷含量都高于台湾规定的最高允许浓度（50μg/L）。 Budai、Yichu 和 Beimen 的罗非鱼中的砷含量分别为 0.92±0.52μg/g、0.93±0.19μg/g 和 0.76±0.03μg/g，而虾中的砷含量为 0.36±0.01μg/g。罗非鱼中的总砷与池塘水中的总砷浓度高度相关（R²=0.80）。鱼体内的总砷与骨骼（R²=0.98）、头部（R²=0.97）和组织（R²=0.96）中的砷含量高度相关。有机砷（DMA）的含量相对高于无机砷（As(III)和 As(V)）。鱼类样本中无机砷占总砷的平均百分比为 12.5%，范围在 11.7%至 14.2%之间。鱼类总砷的生物累积因子（BAF）范围为 10.3 至 22.1，而无机砷的 BAF 范围为 1.33 至 2.82。摄入鱼中无机砷导致的人类健康癌症风险的平均值估计为 2.36×10（-4）±0.99×10（-4），这是最小致癌风险 1×10（-6）的 200 多倍。摄入鱼中无机砷导致的人类健康危害系数平均值为 1.22±0.52，这表明预期的人类暴露量超过了非癌症健康影响的参考剂量 22%。这些结果表明，该地区的居民通过食用养殖池塘中养殖的罗非鱼和南美白对虾，正面临着中等程度的砷暴露。
