Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Oct;94(4):1071-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.013094. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
Among obese adults, sodium intake has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Few data are available on sodium intake and albuminuria, a marker of kidney damage and risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
We examined the relation between dietary sodium and potassium intakes and the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K) with albuminuria by BMI in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study (n = 30,239 adults aged ≥45 y).
A modified Block 98 food-frequency questionnaire was used for dietary assessment in 21,636 participants, and nutritional variables were categorized by sex-specific quintiles. Normal weight, overweight, and obese were defined as BMI (in kg/m(2)) categories of 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, and ≥30, respectively. Albuminuria was defined as a ratio (mg/g) of urinary albumin to creatinine of ≥30.
The prevalences of albuminuria were 11.5%, 11.6%, and 16.0% in normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted ORs for albuminuria in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quintile of Na/K intake (≥1.12 to <0.70 for men and ≥1.07 to <0.62 for women) were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.22), 1.08 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.36), and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.61) in normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants, respectively. The highest quintile of dietary sodium was associated with an increased OR for albuminuria in obese participants (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.07) but not in normal-weight or overweight participants. Dietary potassium was not associated with albuminuria.
In obese adults, higher dietary Na/K and sodium intakes were associated with albuminuria.
在肥胖成年人中，钠的摄入量与心血管疾病有关。关于钠摄入量和白蛋白尿（肾脏损伤的标志物和心血管疾病的危险因素）之间的关系，数据很少。
我们研究了膳食钠和钾摄入量以及钠与钾的比值（Na/K）与肥胖相关的地理和种族差异原因（REGARDS）研究（n=30239 名年龄≥45 岁的成年人）中 BMI 的关系。
使用改良的 Block 98 食物频率问卷对 21636 名参与者进行饮食评估，营养变量按性别五分位数分类。正常体重、超重和肥胖分别定义为 BMI（kg/m²）类别 18.5-24.9、25-29.9 和≥30。白蛋白尿定义为尿白蛋白与肌酐的比值（mg/g）≥30。
正常体重、超重和肥胖参与者的白蛋白尿患病率分别为 11.5%、11.6%和 16.0%。最高与最低 Na/K 摄入量五分位组（男性≥1.12 至<0.70，女性≥1.07 至<0.62）相比，白蛋白尿的多变量调整比值比（OR）分别为 0.89（95%CI：0.65，1.22）、1.08（95%CI：0.85，1.36）和 1.28（95%CI：1.02，1.61）。在肥胖参与者中，最高五分位的膳食钠与白蛋白尿的 OR 增加有关（OR：1.44；95%CI：1.00，2.07），但在正常体重或超重参与者中没有。膳食钾与白蛋白尿无关。
在肥胖成年人中，较高的膳食 Na/K 和钠摄入量与白蛋白尿有关。
