National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011 Dec;8(12):1295-301. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0950. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
In addition to medical antimicrobial usage, the use of antimicrobials in food animals contributes to the occurrence of resistance among some bacterial species isolated from infections in humans. Recently, several studies have indicated that a large proportion of Escherichia coli causing infections in humans, especially those resistant to antimicrobials, have an animal origin.
We analyzed the correlation between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from blood stream infections in humans and in E. coli isolates from poultry, pigs, and cattle between 2005 and 2008 for 11 countries, using available surveillance data. We also assessed the correlation between human antimicrobial usage and the occurrence of resistance in E. coli isolates from blood stream infections.
Strong and significant correlations between prevalences of resistance to ampicillin (r=0.94), aminoglycosides (r=0.72), third-generation cephalosporins (r=0.76), and fluoroquinolones (r=0.68) were observed for human and poultry E. coli isolates. Similar significant correlations were observed for ampicillin (r=0.91), aminoglycosides (r=0.73), and fluoroquinolone resistance (r=0.74) in pig and human isolates. In cattle isolates, only ampicillin resistance (r=0.72) was significantly correlated to human isolates. When usage of antimicrobials in humans was analyzed with antimicrobial resistance among human isolates, only correlations between fluoroquinolones (r=0.90) and third-generation cephalosporins (r=0.75) were significant.
Resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals (especially poultry and pigs) was highly correlated with resistance in isolates from humans. This supports the hypothesis that a large proportion of resistant E. coli isolates causing blood stream infections in people may be derived from food sources.
除了医学上的抗菌药物使用外，动物食品中的抗菌药物的使用也导致了一些从人类感染中分离出的细菌物种的耐药性的发生。最近，有几项研究表明，引起人类感染的大肠杆菌，尤其是对抗菌药物耐药的大肠杆菌，有很大一部分来自动物。
我们分析了 2005 年至 2008 年 11 个国家的血液感染大肠杆菌分离株与家禽、猪和牛的大肠杆菌分离株之间的抗菌药物耐药性流行率之间的相关性，使用了现有监测数据。我们还评估了人类抗菌药物使用与血液感染大肠杆菌分离株耐药性之间的相关性。
我们观察到人类和家禽大肠杆菌分离株对氨苄西林（r=0.94）、氨基糖苷类（r=0.72）、第三代头孢菌素（r=0.76）和氟喹诺酮类（r=0.68）的耐药性流行率之间存在很强的显著相关性。猪和人类大肠杆菌分离株对氨苄西林（r=0.91）、氨基糖苷类（r=0.73）和氟喹诺酮类耐药性（r=0.74）也存在类似的显著相关性。在牛的分离株中，只有氨苄西林耐药性（r=0.72）与人类分离株显著相关。当分析人类抗菌药物使用与人类分离株的抗菌药物耐药性之间的关系时，只有氟喹诺酮类（r=0.90）和第三代头孢菌素（r=0.75）之间存在显著相关性。
来自食品动物（尤其是家禽和猪）的大肠杆菌分离株的耐药性与来自人类的分离株的耐药性高度相关。这支持了这样一种假设，即引起人类血流感染的耐药大肠杆菌分离株的很大一部分可能来自食物来源。
