Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2012 Jan-Feb;34(1):161-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
The relation between prenatal marijuana exposure (PME) and school achievement was evaluated in a sample of 524 14-year-olds. Women were recruited during pregnancy and assessed, along with their offspring, at multiple phases from infancy to early adulthood. The sample represents a low-income population. Half of the adolescents are male and 55% are African American. School achievement was assessed with the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) Screener (Psychological Corporation, 1992). A significant negative relation was found between PME and 14-year WIAT composite and reading scores. The deficit in school achievement was mediated by the effects of PME on intelligence test performance at age 6, attention problems and depression symptoms at age 10, and early initiation of marijuana use. These findings suggest that the effects of PME on adolescent achievement are mediated by the earlier negative effects of PME on child characteristics. The negative impact of these characteristics on adolescent achievement may presage later problems in early adulthood.
在一个由 524 名 14 岁青少年组成的样本中，评估了产前大麻暴露（PME）与学业成绩之间的关系。在怀孕期间招募了女性，并在婴儿期到成年早期的多个阶段对她们及其子女进行了评估。该样本代表了一个低收入人群。一半的青少年是男性，55%是非洲裔美国人。学业成绩用 Wechsler 个体成就测验（WIAT）筛查器（心理公司，1992）进行评估。研究发现，PME 与 14 岁的 WIAT 综合成绩和阅读成绩呈显著负相关。学业成绩的下降是由 PME 对 6 岁时智力测验成绩、10 岁时注意力问题和抑郁症状以及大麻使用的早期开始的影响所介导的。这些发现表明，PME 对青少年成就的影响是由 PME 对儿童特征的早期负面影响所介导的。这些特征对青少年成就的负面影响可能预示着成年早期以后会出现问题。
