Sonon Kristen E, Richardson Gale A, Cornelius Jack R, Kim Kevin H, Day Nancy L
Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2015 Jan-Feb;47:10-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.11.003. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Studies have reported effects of prenatal marijuana exposure (PME) on cognitive and behavioral outcomes. An earlier publication from this study found that PME predicted early onset of marijuana use and frequency of marijuana use at age 14. No study has reported the effects of PME on marijuana use in young adulthood. This is a developmental period when substance use peaks, and by which, initiation of substance use has largely occurred.
Subjects were from a longitudinal cohort. Women were interviewed initially in their fourth prenatal month and women and their offspring were followed through 22 years. Significant covariates of offspring marijuana use at 22 years were identified and controlled for using ordinal logistic regression.
PME predicted marijuana use in the offspring at 22 years after controlling for significant covariates. Prenatal alcohol exposure, offspring race, gender, and age were also significant predictors, but family history of substance abuse or disorder, and sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of the mother and offspring were not. This association was not moderated by gender or race.
PME is associated with subsequent marijuana use in young adulthood after considering the effects of other significant factors. These findings have important implications for public health given the recent trend toward legitimization of marijuana use.
研究报告了产前暴露于大麻（PME）对认知和行为结果的影响。本研究早期发表的一篇文章发现，产前暴露于大麻可预测14岁时大麻使用的早发情况和使用频率。尚无研究报告产前暴露于大麻对青年期大麻使用的影响。这是一个物质使用达到峰值的发育阶段，到这个阶段，物质使用的起始情况已基本确定。
研究对象来自一个纵向队列。女性在孕期第四个月时首次接受访谈，对女性及其后代进行了长达22年的跟踪研究。通过有序逻辑回归确定并控制了22岁后代大麻使用的显著协变量。
在控制了显著协变量后，产前暴露于大麻可预测22岁后代的大麻使用情况。产前酒精暴露、后代种族、性别和年龄也是显著的预测因素，但物质滥用或障碍的家族史以及母亲和后代的社会人口学和心理特征则不是。这种关联不受性别或种族的影响。
在考虑其他重要因素的影响后，产前暴露于大麻与青年期随后的大麻使用有关。鉴于近期大麻使用合法化的趋势，这些发现对公共卫生具有重要意义。
