Varma Neelam, Naseem Shano
Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2010 Sep;26(3):78-82. doi: 10.1007/s12288-010-0027-1. Epub 2010 Sep 30.
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala Azar is a chronic infectious disease caused by parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex that can cause various hematologic manifestations. It is characterized by fever, enlargement of liver and spleen, weight loss, pancytopenia and hypergammaglobinemia. It is endemic in the Indian subcontinent, mainly seen in the states of Bihar and West Bengal. Patients with VL can present to the haematologist for various haematological problems prior to receiving the diagnosis of VL. Anaemia is the most common haematological manifestation of VL. VL may also be associated with leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, hemophagocytosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hematological improvement is noted within a week and complete hematological response occurs in 4-6 weeks of treatment. Relapses are rare and increased risk of being diagnosed with hematolymphoid malignancies on long term follow up is not noted.
内脏利什曼病（VL）或黑热病是一种由杜氏利什曼原虫复合体寄生虫引起的慢性传染病，可导致各种血液学表现。其特征为发热、肝脾肿大、体重减轻、全血细胞减少和高球蛋白血症。该病在印度次大陆为地方性疾病，主要见于比哈尔邦和西孟加拉邦。VL患者在确诊VL之前可能因各种血液学问题就诊于血液科医生。贫血是VL最常见的血液学表现。VL还可能与白细胞减少、血小板减少、全血细胞减少、噬血细胞增多和弥散性血管内凝血有关。治疗一周内可观察到血液学改善，4 - 6周出现完全血液学反应。复发罕见，长期随访未发现患血液淋巴系统恶性肿瘤的风险增加。
