Department of Psychology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Adv Child Dev Behav. 2011;40:243-99. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00007-4.
In this chapter, the theoretical and empirical associations between family relationships and children's responses to stressors are reviewed. Family relationships explored are primarily dyadic, representing the emphasis of past empirical research; these include parent-parent, parent-child, and sibling relationships. However, in recognition of the more complicated and interconnected nature of family relationships, also reviewed are associations between the broader family context and children's stress responses. Multiple measures of stress responses are considered, including both physiological and emotional responses to and recovery from stressful experiences. Overall, the studies reviewed suggest that poor-quality family environments, including those characterized by low emotional support or high conflict, are associated with dysregulated stress responses throughout childhood and adolescence. In contrast, children and adolescents in families with high emotional support or low conflict seem to be protected from developing stress regulatory problems. Limitations in this body of research as well as directions for future research are discussed.
在这一章中，我们回顾了家庭关系与儿童应对压力源的理论和实证关联。所探讨的家庭关系主要是二元关系，代表了过去实证研究的重点；这些关系包括父母-父母、父母-子女和兄弟姐妹关系。然而，为了认识到家庭关系更加复杂和相互关联的性质，我们还回顾了更广泛的家庭环境与儿童应激反应之间的关联。我们考虑了多种应激反应的衡量指标，包括对压力体验的生理和情绪反应以及从压力体验中恢复的情况。总的来说，回顾的研究表明，不良的家庭环境，包括那些情感支持低或冲突高的家庭环境，与儿童期和青春期的应激反应失调有关。相比之下，在情感支持高或冲突低的家庭中的儿童和青少年似乎免受发展应激调节问题的影响。本文讨论了这一研究领域的局限性以及未来研究的方向。
