Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Cytokine. 2011 Nov;56(2):520-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.024. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
The health promoting effects of probiotics are well-documented; however, current knowledge on immunostimulatory effects is based on data from a single strain or a limited selection of strains or species. Here, we compared the capacity of 27 lactobacilli and 16 bifidobacteria strains to stimulate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC). Most lactobacilli strains, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum, induced strong IL-12 and TNF-α production and up-regulation of maturation markers. In contrast, all bifidobacteria and certain lactobacilli strains were low IL-12 and TNF-α inducers. IL-10 and IL-6 levels showed less variation and no correlation with IL-12 and TNF-α. DC matured by strong IL-12-inducing strains also produced high levels of interferon (IFN)-β. When combining two strains, low IL-12 inducers inhibited this IFN-β production as well as IL-12 and Th1-skewing chemokines. The IFN-β induction was mediated through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) irrespective of the stimulating strain. The inhibitory bacteria induced higher levels of the transcription factor c-Jun dimerization protein (JDP)-2, thereby counteracting the effect of JNK. Our data demonstrate that lactobacilli can be divided into two groups of bacteria featuring contrasting effects, while all bifidobacteria exhibit uniform effects. This underlines the importance of selecting the proper strain(s) for probiotic purposes.
益生菌具有促进健康的作用，这一点已得到充分证实；然而，目前关于其免疫刺激作用的知识是基于单一菌株或有限数量的菌株或物种的数据。在这里，我们比较了 27 株乳杆菌和 16 株双歧杆菌菌株刺激骨髓来源树突状细胞（DC）的能力。大多数乳杆菌菌株，包括嗜酸乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌，都能强烈诱导产生 IL-12 和 TNF-α，并上调成熟标志物。相比之下，所有双歧杆菌和某些乳杆菌菌株都是低 IL-12 和 TNF-α诱导剂。IL-10 和 IL-6 水平的变化较小，与 IL-12 和 TNF-α无相关性。由强 IL-12 诱导剂诱导成熟的 DC 也能产生高水平的干扰素（IFN）-β。当两种菌株联合使用时，低 IL-12 诱导剂会抑制 IFN-β的产生以及 IL-12 和 Th1 偏向趋化因子。IFN-β的诱导是通过 c-Jun N-末端激酶（JNK）介导的，而与刺激菌株无关。抑制细菌诱导更高水平的转录因子 c-Jun 二聚化蛋白（JDP）-2，从而抵消 JNK 的作用。我们的数据表明，乳杆菌可以分为两组具有相反作用的细菌，而所有双歧杆菌都表现出一致的作用。这强调了为益生菌目的选择适当菌株的重要性。
