Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Tillett Hall, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 Feb;40(2):277-87. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9563-x.
The current study tested the stress-reactivity extension of response styles theory of depression (Nolen-Hoeksema Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100:569-582, 1991) in a sample of high-risk children and early adolescents from a vulnerability-stress perspective using a multi-wave longitudinal design. In addition, we examined whether obtained results varied as a function of either age or sex. During an initial assessment, 56 high-risk children (offspring of depressed parents; ages 7-14) completed measures assessing rumination and depressive symptoms. Children were subsequently given a handheld personal computer which signalled them to complete measures assessing depressive symptoms and negative events at six randomly selected times over an 8-week follow-up interval. In line with hypotheses, higher levels of rumination were associated with prospective elevations in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of negative events. Sex, but not age, moderated this association. Rumination was more strongly associated with elevations in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of negative events in girls than in boys.
本研究从易感性-应激的角度，采用多波纵向设计，在高危儿童和青少年样本中，检验了抑郁的反应风格理论的应激反应扩展（Nolen-Hoeksema，《异常心理学杂志》，100:569-582, 1991）。此外，我们还考察了结果是否因年龄或性别而有所不同。在初始评估中，56 名高危儿童（抑郁父母的子女；年龄 7-14 岁）完成了关于反刍和抑郁症状的评估。随后，儿童们使用手持个人电脑，在 8 周的随访期间，电脑会随机选择 6 个时间点提示他们完成关于抑郁症状和负面事件的评估。符合假设，反刍水平越高，在发生负面事件后，抑郁症状的前瞻性升高就越大。这种关联受到性别的调节，但不受年龄的调节。在发生负面事件后，反刍与女孩抑郁症状的升高更为相关，而与男孩则不然。
