Lo Barbara Chuen Yee, Zhao Yue, Ho Yim Chi, Au Terry Kit-Fong
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
Po Leung Kuk, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017 Oct 10;15(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0774-x.
The Children's Response Styles Questionnaire (CRSQ) is a widely-adopted inventory that assesses response styles in youths. It is useful in examining how coping styles (particularly rumination) may relate to depressive vulnerability in youths. Despite its utility, little is known about its applicability in non-Western cultures and CRSQ has not been evaluated using current psychometric methods including item response theory (IRT). The present study assessed the properties using IRT methods in a Chinese youth sample.
Students in Grades 4-6 were recruited from seven public primary schools in Hong Kong, and a total of 581 children (280 boys and 301 girls) between 8 and 14 years of age participated in the study. A Chinese version of CRSQ was administered to them in groups at school after receiving written parental consent as well as students' assent.
Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure that was comparable to that identified in Western samples, namely, the rumination and distraction/problem-solving subscales. IRT analysis suggested that items varied in levels of item discrimination and item severity, and in precision/usefulness for assessing the underlying latent trait levels. Test information analysis indicated that rumination subscale was more useful than the distraction and problem-solving subscale in assessing the latent trait over a broader range of levels. For gender-based Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis, item 1 "When I am sad, I think about how alone I feel" was found to exhibit higher discriminating power for girls than boys.
The study presents the first attempt to examine CRSQ item properties using IRT analysis and supports its validity beyond the Western cultures. The factor structure of CRSQ was found to be comparable to the West in our Chinese sample. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) evaluation suggested all but one item in the rumination subscale of the CRSQ apply equally well to both boys and girls.
儿童反应方式问卷（CRSQ）是一种广泛应用的量表，用于评估青少年的反应方式。它有助于研究应对方式（尤其是沉思）与青少年抑郁易感性之间的关系。尽管其具有实用性，但对于其在非西方文化中的适用性知之甚少，并且尚未使用包括项目反应理论（IRT）在内的当前心理测量方法对CRSQ进行评估。本研究使用IRT方法在中国青少年样本中评估其特性。
从香港的七所公立小学招募四至六年级的学生，共有581名8至14岁的儿童（280名男孩和301名女孩）参与了研究。在获得家长书面同意以及学生的同意后，在学校对他们进行了中文版CRSQ的集体施测。
验证性因素分析揭示了一个两因素结构，该结构与西方样本中确定的结构相当，即沉思和分心/解决问题子量表。IRT分析表明，项目在项目区分度和项目难度水平以及评估潜在特质水平的精度/有用性方面存在差异。测验信息分析表明，在更广泛的水平范围内，沉思子量表在评估潜在特质方面比分心和解决问题子量表更有用。对于基于性别的项目功能差异（DIF）分析，发现项目1“当我难过时，我会想自己有多孤单”对女孩的区分能力高于男孩。
本研究首次尝试使用IRT分析来检验CRSQ的项目特性，并支持其在西方文化之外的有效性。在我们的中国样本中，发现CRSQ的因素结构与西方相当。项目功能差异（DIF）评估表明，CRSQ沉思子量表中除一项外的所有项目对男孩和女孩同样适用。
