RAND Corporation, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):1163-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.008. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
This study investigates racial and ethnic disparities in hospital admission and emergency room visit rates resulting from exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter levels in excess of federal standards ("excess attributable risk"). We generate zip code-level ambient pollution exposures and hospital event rates using state datasets, and use pollution impact estimates in the epidemiological literature to calculate excess attributable risk for racial/ethnic groups in California over 2005-2007. We find that black residents experienced roughly 2.5 times the excess attributable risk of white residents. Hispanic residents were exposed to the highest levels of pollution, but experienced similar excess attributable risk to whites. Asian/Pacific Islander residents had substantially lower excess attributable risk compared to white. We estimate the distinct contributions of exposure and other factors to these results, and find that factors other than exposure can be critical determinants of pollution-related disparities.
本研究调查了因暴露于臭氧和超过联邦标准的细颗粒物水平（“可归因风险超额”）而导致的住院和急诊就诊率的种族和民族差异。我们使用州数据集生成邮政编码级别的环境污染物暴露和医院事件率，并使用流行病学文献中的污染影响估计值来计算 2005-2007 年加利福尼亚州各族裔的可归因风险超额。我们发现，黑人居民经历的可归因风险超额约为白人居民的 2.5 倍。西班牙裔居民暴露于最高水平的污染，但经历的可归因风险与白人相似。亚洲/太平洋岛民居民的可归因风险明显低于白人。我们估计了这些结果中暴露和其他因素的不同贡献，并发现暴露以外的因素可能是造成与污染相关的差异的关键决定因素。
