Sertel S, Eichhorn T, Plinkert P K, Efferth T
Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenklinik, Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland.
HNO. 2011 Dec;59(12):1203-8. doi: 10.1007/s00106-011-2274-3.
Every year there are several hundred thousand new cases of oral cancer worldwide. Clinical oncology is still challenged by toxicity and side effects of multimodal therapy strategies in which is associated with poor prognosis for patients. There is an urgent necessity to develop novel therapy strategies. As the majority of anticancer drugs are of natural origin, natural products represent a valuable source for the identification and development of novel treatment options for cancer. The aim of this investigation was to study the cytotoxicity of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) essential oil.
Salvia officinalis essential oil was gained by aqueous extraction from plant material and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography. The cytotoxicity of the essential oil on the squamous human cell carcinoma cell line of the oral cavity (UMSCC1) was assessed with the XTT assay. These experiments revealed the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of the essential oil. It was used in the microarray-based analysis of gene expression of UMSSC1 cells. The results were submitted to a signaling pathway analysis.
The main constituents of Salvia officinalis essential oil include the monoterpenes thujone, β-pinene, and 1,8-cineol. Low concentrations of the essential oil increased vitality of the UMSCC1 cells. Beyond the concentration of the IC(50) of 135 µg/ml, sage essential oil reduced UMSSC1 cells viability to a minimum. In the microarray gene expression analysis, genes involved in cancer, cellular growth and proliferation, cell death, cell morphology, cell cycle, gene expression, and DNA repair were the most prominent. The three most significantly regulated pathways by sage were aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, cell cycle (G1/S checkpoint) regulation, and p53 signaling.
To the best of our knowledge, this study suggests for the first time the ability of Salvia officinalis essential oil to inhibit human HNSCC cell growth. The therapeutic potential of sage essential oil might exceed that of its common use in otorhinolaryngology.
全球每年有数十万例口腔癌新发病例。临床肿瘤学仍面临多模式治疗策略的毒性和副作用挑战，这与患者的不良预后相关。迫切需要开发新的治疗策略。由于大多数抗癌药物来源于天然，天然产物是鉴定和开发癌症新治疗方案的宝贵资源。本研究的目的是研究鼠尾草（Salvia officinalis L.）精油的细胞毒性。
通过水提取法从植物材料中获得鼠尾草精油，随后用气相色谱法进行分析。用XTT法评估该精油对口腔鳞状上皮癌细胞系（UMSCC1）的细胞毒性。这些实验揭示了该精油的半数最大抑制浓度（IC50）。将其用于基于微阵列的UMSCC1细胞基因表达分析。结果提交至信号通路分析。
鼠尾草精油的主要成分包括单萜类化合物侧柏酮、β-蒎烯和1,8-桉叶素。低浓度的该精油可提高UMSCC1细胞的活力。超过135μg/ml的IC50浓度后，鼠尾草精油将UMSCC1细胞活力降至最低。在微阵列基因表达分析中，与癌症、细胞生长和增殖、细胞死亡、细胞形态、细胞周期、基因表达及DNA修复相关的基因最为突出。鼠尾草调节最显著的三条信号通路为芳烃受体信号通路、细胞周期（G1/S检查点）调节通路和p53信号通路。
据我们所知，本研究首次表明鼠尾草精油具有抑制人头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）细胞生长的能力。鼠尾草精油的治疗潜力可能超过其在耳鼻喉科的常用范围。
