School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011 Sep;30(5):515-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00251.x.
A number of studies have previously identified relationships between the density of alcohol outlets and rates of violence, with different types of outlets related to violence in different locations. The previous work in Australia has been limited to studies based on police data, which are subject to numerous biases. This study extends the previous work by utilising hospital admissions as a less biased outcome measure, incorporating a 14 year longitudinal design and by developing comparative models for violence and rates of alcohol use disorders.
The study examines trends in postcode-level hospital admission data for assault and for alcohol use disorders over a 14 year period (n = 186) and their relationship with the density of three kinds of alcohol outlets. Fixed-effects models are developed to control for the differences between postcodes and for the overall trends in outlet density and morbidity rates.
The results of this study suggest that the density of alcohol outlets where the main activity is alcohol consumption (i.e. pubs) is positively related to rates of assault-related hospital admissions, while the density of off-premise alcohol outlets is related to the rate of alcohol use disorders.
These findings have significant implications for alcohol policies in Victoria, in particular pointing to the significant contribution of packaged alcohol outlets to both acute and chronic alcohol-related harm.
先前有多项研究已确定了酒类销售场所密度与暴力发生率之间的关系，不同类型的酒类销售场所与不同地点的暴力行为有关。澳大利亚此前的研究仅限于基于警方数据的研究，这些数据存在诸多偏差。本研究通过利用医院入院率作为一种偏差较小的结果衡量指标，结合 14 年的纵向设计，并为暴力行为和酒精使用障碍发生率开发比较模型，对先前的研究进行了扩展。
本研究调查了 14 年间（n = 186）邮区层面的袭击和酒精使用障碍住院数据趋势及其与三种酒类销售场所密度的关系。开发固定效应模型来控制邮区之间的差异以及销售场所密度和发病率的总体趋势。
本研究结果表明，主要从事酒类销售活动的酒类销售场所（即酒吧）的密度与与袭击相关的住院率呈正相关，而场外酒类销售场所的密度与酒精使用障碍的发生率有关。
这些发现对维多利亚州的酒精政策具有重要意义，特别是指出包装酒类销售场所对急性和慢性与酒精相关的伤害有重大贡献。
