Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011 Sep;30(5):536-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00290.x.
Pubs, bars and nightclubs are central features of recreational night-life in the towns and cities of many countries. The last two decades have seen UK towns and cities regenerated through the provision of night-life environments aimed at servicing youth-focused monocultures typified by heavy drinking, loud music and dancing. Such changes in night-life settings have created major problems with management of alcohol-related violence.
We examine what policies and interventions have been implemented to reduce violence in public night-life environments. We critically appraise the outcomes of such measures and whether they simply create environments in which it appears 'safe' for people to routinely get drunk while displacing violence and adding to health and social problems elsewhere. KEY FINDINGS/IMPLICATIONS: A variety of initiatives have been put in place to reduce violence and alcohol-related harm in night-time environments. These include changes to licensing laws, high profile policing, late night transport security, street lighting and closed circuit television camera networks. In some circumstances, the evidence for their effectiveness in containing night-life violence is relatively good. However, such approaches can also reduce incentives to stay sober, potentially act as a mechanism for displacing violence into surrounding areas, and divert public monies to city centre drinking environments at the expense of services in local communities.
We argue that a public health approach to night-life is required which addresses drunkenness rather than pandering to the economic benefits of excessive alcohol use and managing any violence that is on public display.
酒吧、夜店是许多国家城镇夜生活的核心部分。在过去的二十年里，英国的城镇和城市通过提供以年轻人为中心的单一文化夜生活环境得到了复兴，这种文化的特点是酗酒、大声播放音乐和跳舞。这种夜生活环境的变化给管理与酒精相关的暴力行为带来了重大问题。
我们研究了为减少公共夜生活环境中的暴力行为而实施的政策和干预措施。我们批判性地评估了这些措施的结果，以及它们是否只是创造了一种环境，让人们看起来“安全”地经常喝醉，同时将暴力行为转移到其他地方，并增加健康和社会问题。
主要发现/影响：已经采取了各种措施来减少夜间环境中的暴力和与酒精相关的伤害。这些措施包括修改许可证法、高调的治安、深夜交通安全、街灯和闭路电视摄像机网络。在某些情况下，这些措施在遏制夜生活暴力方面的有效性的证据相对较好。然而，这些方法也可能减少保持清醒的动机，可能成为将暴力转移到周围地区的机制，并将公共资金转移到市中心的饮酒环境，而牺牲当地社区的服务。
我们认为，需要采取一种公共卫生方法来处理夜生活问题，而不是迎合过度饮酒的经济利益，也不是管理任何公开显示的暴力行为。
