Hughes Karen, Bellis Mark A, Leckenby Nicola, Quigg Zara, Hardcastle Katherine, Sharples Olivia, Llewellyn David J
Centre for Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Violence Prevention, Liverpool John Moores University, , Liverpool, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014 May;68(5):453-6. doi: 10.1136/jech-2013-203287. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
By measuring alcohol retailers' propensity to illegally sell alcohol to young people who appear highly intoxicated, we examine whether UK legislation is effective at preventing health harms resulting from drunk individuals continuing to access alcohol.
73 randomly selected pubs, bars and nightclubs in a city in North West England were subjected to an alcohol purchase test by pseudo-drunk actors. Observers recorded venue characteristics to identify poorly managed and problematic (PMP) bars.
83.6% of purchase attempts resulted in a sale of alcohol to a pseudo-intoxicated actor. Alcohol sales increased with the number of PMP markers bars had, yet even in those with no markers, 66.7% of purchase attempts resulted in a sale. Bar servers often recognised signs of drunkenness in actors, but still served them. In 18% of alcohol sales, servers attempted to up-sell by suggesting actors purchase double rather than single vodkas.
UK law preventing sales of alcohol to drunks is routinely broken in nightlife environments, yet prosecutions are rare. Nightlife drunkenness places enormous burdens on health and health services. Preventing alcohol sales to drunks should be a public health priority, while policy failures on issues, such as alcohol pricing, are revisited.
通过测量酒精零售商向明显醉酒的年轻人非法销售酒精的倾向，我们研究英国的立法在防止醉酒者继续获取酒精所导致的健康危害方面是否有效。
在英格兰西北部一个城市中，随机选择73家酒吧、酒馆和夜总会，由佯装醉酒的人员进行酒精购买测试。观察员记录场所特征，以识别管理不善和存在问题的（PMP）酒吧。
83.6%的购买尝试导致酒精卖给了佯装醉酒的人员。酒精销售随着酒吧拥有的PMP标志数量增加而上升，然而即使在那些没有标志的酒吧，66.7%的购买尝试也导致了销售。酒吧服务员经常能识别出佯装醉酒人员的醉酒迹象，但仍为他们提供服务。在18%的酒精销售中，服务员试图通过建议购买双份而非单份伏特加来进行追加销售。
英国禁止向醉酒者销售酒精的法律在夜生活环境中经常被违反，但起诉却很少见。夜生活中的醉酒给健康和医疗服务带来了巨大负担。防止向醉酒者销售酒精应成为公共卫生的优先事项，同时应重新审视在酒精定价等问题上的政策失误。
