Research Centre for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Hypertension. 2011 Nov;58(5):950-8. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177071. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
We reviewed the effect of resistance training on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Randomized, controlled trials lasting ≥4 weeks investigating the effects of resistance training on blood pressure in healthy adults (age ≥18 years) and published in a peer-reviewed journal up to June 2010 were included. Random- and fixed-effects models were used for analyses, with data reported as weighted means and 95% confidence limits. We included 28 randomized, controlled trials, involving 33 study groups and 1012 participants. Overall, resistance training induced a significant blood pressure reduction in 28 normotensive or prehypertensive study groups [-3.9 (-6.4; -1.2)/-3.9 (-5.6; -2.2) mm Hg], whereas the reduction [-4.1 (-0.63; +1.4)/-1.5 (-3.4; +0.40) mm Hg] was not significant for the 5 hypertensive study groups. When study groups were divided according to the mode of training, isometric handgrip training in 3 groups resulted in a larger decrease in blood pressure [-13.5 (-16.5; -10.5)/-6.1(-8.3; -3.9) mm Hg] than dynamic resistance training in 30 groups [-2.8 (-4.3; -1.3)/-2.7 (-3.8; -1.7) mm Hg]. After dynamic resistance training, Vo(2) peak increased by 10.6% (P=0.01), whereas body fat and plasma triglycerides decreased by 0.6% (P<0.01) and 0.11 mmol/L (P<0.05), respectively. No significant effect could be observed on other blood lipids and fasting blood glucose. This meta-analysis supports the blood pressure-lowering potential of dynamic resistance training and isometric handgrip training. In addition, dynamic resistance training also favorably affects some other cardiovascular risk factors. Our results further suggest that isometric handgrip training may be more effective for reducing blood pressure than dynamic resistance training. However, given the small amount of isometric studies available, additional studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
我们回顾了阻力训练对成年人血压和其他心血管危险因素的影响。纳入了持续时间≥4 周、针对健康成年人（年龄≥18 岁）的阻力训练对血压影响的随机对照试验，并在同行评审的期刊上发表至 2010 年 6 月。采用随机和固定效应模型进行分析，数据以加权均值和 95%置信区间报告。我们纳入了 28 项随机对照试验，涉及 33 个研究组和 1012 名参与者。总体而言，阻力训练使 28 个正常血压或血压前期的研究组血压显著降低[-3.9（-6.4；-1.2）/-3.9（-5.6；-2.2）mmHg]，而 5 个高血压研究组的血压降低[-4.1（-0.63；+1.4）/-1.5（-3.4；+0.40）mmHg]则不显著。当根据训练方式将研究组分组时，3 个组的等长握力训练导致血压下降更大[-13.5（-16.5；-10.5）/-6.1（-8.3；-3.9）mmHg]，而 30 个组的动力阻力训练[-2.8（-4.3；-1.3）/-2.7（-3.8；-1.7）mmHg]则较小。进行动力阻力训练后，Vo(2)峰值增加了 10.6%（P=0.01），而体脂和血浆甘油三酯分别降低了 0.6%（P<0.01）和 0.11 mmol/L（P<0.05）。其他血脂和空腹血糖无显著影响。这项荟萃分析支持动力阻力训练和等长握力训练降低血压的潜力。此外，动力阻力训练还对一些其他心血管危险因素产生有利影响。我们的结果进一步表明，等长握力训练可能比动力阻力训练更有效地降低血压。然而，鉴于可用的等长研究数量较少，需要进一步的研究来证实这一发现。
