Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
Sports Med. 2013 Feb;43(2):121-33. doi: 10.1007/s40279-012-0003-z.
Numerous meta-analyses have investigated the effect of exercise in different populations and for single cardiovascular risk factors, but none have specifically focused on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients and the concomitant effect of exercise on all associated cardiovascular risk factors.
The aim of this article was to perform a systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized and clinical controlled trials (RCTs, CTs) investigating the effect of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with the MetS.
RCTs and CTs ≥4 weeks investigating the effect of exercise in healthy adults with the MetS and published in a peer-reviewed journal up to November 2011 were included. Primary outcome measures were changes in waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose. Peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) was a secondary outcome. Random and fixed-effect models were used for analyses and data are reported as means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Seven trials were included, involving nine study groups and 206 participants (128 in exercise group and 78 in control group). Significant mean reductions in WC -3.4 (95% CI -4.9, -1.8) cm, blood pressure -7.1 (95% CI -9.03, -5.2)/-5.2 (95% CI -6.2, -4.1) mmHg and a significant mean increase in HDL-C +0.06 (95% CI +0.03, +0.09) mmol/L were observed after dynamic endurance training. Mean plasma glucose levels -0.31 (95% CI -0.64, 0.01; p = 0.06) mmol/L and triglycerides -0.05 (95% CI -0.20, 0.09; p = 0.47) mmol/L remained statistically unaltered. In addition, a significant mean improvement in [Formula: see text] of +5.9 (95% CI +3.03, +8.7) mL/kg/min or 19.3% was found.
Our results suggest that dynamic endurance training has a favourable effect on most of the cardiovascular risk factors associated with the MetS. However, in the search for training programmes that optimally improve total cardiovascular risk, further research is warranted, including studies on the effects of resistance training and combined resistance and endurance training.
许多荟萃分析研究了不同人群和单一心血管风险因素的运动效果，但都没有专门针对代谢综合征（MetS）患者，也没有专门针对运动对所有相关心血管风险因素的综合影响。
本文旨在对荟萃分析进行系统评价，纳入随机对照试验（RCTs、CTs），以评估运动对 MetS 患者心血管风险因素的影响。
纳入了截止 2011 年 11 月，在同行评审期刊上发表的、关于健康成年人代谢综合征运动的 RCTs 和 CTs，且研究时间至少为 4 周。主要观察指标是腰围（WC）、收缩压和舒张压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯和空腹血糖的变化。峰值摄氧量（[Formula: see text]）是次要观察指标。采用随机和固定效应模型进行分析，数据以平均值和 95%置信区间（CI）表示。
纳入了 7 项研究，共涉及 9 个研究组和 206 名参与者（运动组 128 名，对照组 78 名）。经过动态耐力训练，WC 显著减少了 -3.4（95% CI -4.9，-1.8）cm，血压显著降低了 -7.1（95% CI -9.03，-5.2）/-5.2（95% CI -6.2，-4.1）mmHg，HDL-C 增加了 +0.06（95% CI +0.03，+0.09）mmol/L。血浆葡萄糖水平 -0.31（95% CI -0.64，0.01；p = 0.06）mmol/L 和甘油三酯 -0.05（95% CI -0.20，0.09；p = 0.47）mmol/L 仍无统计学意义。此外，[Formula: see text] 还显著提高了 +5.9（95% CI +3.03，+8.7）mL/kg/min 或 19.3%。
我们的研究结果表明，动态耐力训练对代谢综合征相关的大多数心血管风险因素具有有利影响。然而，在寻找能够最佳改善整体心血管风险的训练方案方面，还需要进一步研究，包括阻力训练和阻力与耐力相结合的训练效果。
