Montez Jennifer Karas, Hummer Robert A, Hayward Mark D, Woo Hyeyoung, Rogers Richard G
Res Aging. 2011 Mar;33(2):145-171. doi: 10.1177/0164027510392388.
The educational gradient of U.S. adult mortality became steeper between 1960 and the mid 1980s, but whether it continued to steepen is less clear given a dearth of attention to these trends since that time. This study provides new evidence on trends in the education-mortality gradient from 1986 to 2006 by race, gender, and age among non-Hispanic whites and blacks using data from the 2010 release of the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File. Results show that, for white and black men, the gradient steepened among older ages because declines in mortality risk across education levels were greater among the higher educated. The gradient steepened among white women, and to a much lesser and only marginally significant extent among black women, largely because mortality risk decreased among the college-educated but increased among women with less than a high school degree. Greater returns to higher education and compositional changes within educational strata likely contributed to the trends.
1960年至20世纪80年代中期，美国成年人死亡率的教育梯度变得更加陡峭，但自那时以来，由于对这些趋势缺乏关注，其是否继续加剧尚不清楚。本研究利用2010年发布的《国家健康访谈调查关联死亡率文件》中的数据，提供了1986年至2006年非西班牙裔白人和黑人按种族、性别和年龄划分的教育-死亡率梯度趋势的新证据。结果表明，对于白人和黑人男性来说，老年人群体中的梯度加剧，因为受过高等教育者在各教育水平上的死亡风险下降幅度更大。白人女性中的梯度加剧，而黑人女性中的梯度加剧程度小得多且仅略微显著，这主要是因为受过大学教育的女性死亡风险降低，而高中以下学历的女性死亡风险增加。高等教育回报增加以及教育阶层内部的构成变化可能促成了这些趋势。
