Croyle R T, Ditto P H
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
J Behav Med. 1990 Feb;13(1):31-52. doi: 10.1007/BF00844898.
The study of illness cognition and behavior has relied primarily on nonexperimental research designs. In this paper we review the results of a program of experimental investigations of psychological reactions to health threats. Most of the studies employ a new experimental paradigm developed to study illness cognition and behavior in the laboratory. The paradigm has been used in several experiments to examine the cognitive and motivational processes underlying reactions to medical test results. A converging series of studies has shown that denial, manifested in a variety of ways, is a common initial reaction to threatening information. In addition, the studies demonstrate that the perceived prevalence of a health disorder is an important determinant of its perceived seriousness. The insights gained from these studies illustrate the complementary roles of basic experimental research and more naturalistic observational research in the formulation of comprehensive theories of health and illness behavior.
疾病认知与行为的研究主要依赖于非实验性研究设计。在本文中，我们回顾了一项针对健康威胁的心理反应进行实验研究项目的结果。大多数研究采用了一种新开发的实验范式，用于在实验室中研究疾病认知与行为。该范式已在多项实验中用于检验对医学检查结果反应背后的认知和动机过程。一系列相互印证的研究表明，以多种方式表现出来的否认是对威胁性信息的常见初始反应。此外，这些研究表明，对一种健康疾病的感知患病率是其感知严重性的一个重要决定因素。从这些研究中获得的见解说明了基础实验研究和更自然主义的观察性研究在构建健康与疾病行为综合理论中的互补作用。
