Poyang Lake Basin Engineering Research Center for Agriculture and Ecology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchan.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;63(9):1899-905. doi: 10.2166/wst.2011.413.
Protection of water environment while developing socio-economy is a challenging task for lake regions of many developing countries. Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China, with its total drainage area of 160,000 km2. In spite of rapid development of socio-economy in Poyang Lake region in the past several decades, water in Poyang Lake is of good quality and is known as the "last pot of clear water" of the Yangtze River Basin in China. In this paper, the reasons of "last pot of clear water" of Poyang Lake were analysed to demonstrate how economic development and environmental protection can be coordinated. There are three main reasons for contributing to this coordinated development: 1) the unique geomorphologic features of Poyang Lake and the short water residence time; 2) the matching of the basin physical boundary with the administrative boundary; and 3) the implementation of "Mountain-River-Lake Program" (MRL), with the ecosystem concept of "mountain as source, river as connection flow, and lake as storage". In addition, a series of actions have been taken to coordinate development, utilisation, management and protection in the Poyang Lake basin. Our key experiences are: considering all basin components when focusing on lake environment protection is a guiding principle; raising the living standard of people through implementation of various eco-economic projects or models in the basin is the most important strategy; preventing soil and water erosion is critical for protecting water sources; and establishing an effective governance mechanism for basin management is essential. This successful, large-scale basin management model can be extended to any basin or lake regions of developing countries where both environmental protection and economic development are needed and coordinated.
在发展社会经济的同时保护水环境，是许多发展中国家湖区面临的一项挑战。鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖，流域总面积达 16000 平方公里。尽管过去几十年鄱阳湖地区的社会经济快速发展，但鄱阳湖的水质仍然良好，被誉为中国长江流域的“最后一池清水”。本文分析了鄱阳湖“最后一池清水”的成因，旨在探讨经济发展与环境保护如何协调发展。鄱阳湖实现协调发展主要有三个原因：1）鄱阳湖独特的地貌特征和较短的水停留时间；2）流域自然边界与行政边界相匹配；3）实施“山江湖工程”，采用“山为源、河为流、湖为库”的生态系统理念。此外，鄱阳湖流域还采取了一系列措施来协调发展、利用、管理和保护。我们的主要经验是：在关注湖泊环境保护时，考虑所有流域组成部分是一项指导原则；通过在流域内实施各种生态经济项目或模式来提高人民的生活水平是最重要的策略；防止土壤和水土流失对于保护水源至关重要；建立有效的流域管理治理机制至关重要。这种成功的大规模流域管理模式可以推广到任何需要协调环境保护和经济发展的发展中国家的流域或湖泊地区。
