School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011 Sep;6(7):1231-44. doi: 10.2217/nnm.11.107.
Carbon nanostructures (including carbon nanofibers, nanostructured diamond, fullerene materials and so forth) possess extraordinary physiochemical, mechanical and electrical properties attractive to bioengineers and medical researchers. In the past decade, numerous developments towards the fabrication and biological studies of carbon nanostructures have provided opportunities to improve orthopedic applications. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date review on carbon nanostructure advances in orthopedic research. Orthopedic medical device applications of carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers and nanostructured diamond (including particulate nanodiamond and nanocrystalline diamond coatings) are emphasized here along with other carbon nanostructures that have promising potential. In addition, widely used fabrication techniques for producing carbon nanostructures in both the laboratory and in industry are briefly introduced. In conclusion, carbon nanostructures have demonstrated tremendous promise for orthopedic medical device applications to date, and although some safety, reliability and durability issues related to the manufacturing and implantation of carbon nanomaterials remain, their future is bright.
碳纳米结构（包括碳纳米纤维、纳米结构金刚石、富勒烯材料等）具有非凡的物理化学、机械和电学性能，吸引了生物工程师和医学研究人员的关注。在过去的十年中，碳纳米结构的制造和生物学研究取得了众多进展，为改善骨科应用提供了机会。因此，本文的目的是提供一份关于骨科研究中碳纳米结构进展的最新综述。本文重点介绍了碳纳米管/碳纳米纤维和纳米结构金刚石（包括颗粒纳米金刚石和纳米晶金刚石涂层）在骨科医疗器械中的应用，以及其他具有广阔应用前景的碳纳米结构。此外，还简要介绍了在实验室和工业中生产碳纳米结构的常用制造技术。总之，碳纳米结构在骨科医疗器械应用方面具有巨大的潜力，尽管与碳纳米材料的制造和植入相关的一些安全性、可靠性和耐久性问题仍然存在，但它们的前景是光明的。
