Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Development. 2011 Oct;138(20):4387-98. doi: 10.1242/dev.068098.
Planarians can regenerate any missing body part, requiring mechanisms for the production of organ systems in the adult, including their prominent tubule-based filtration excretory system called protonephridia. Here, we identify a set of genes, Six1/2-2, POU2/3, hunchback, Eya and Sall, that encode transcription regulatory proteins that are required for planarian protonephridia regeneration. During regeneration, planarian stem cells are induced to form a cell population in regeneration blastemas expressing Six1/2-2, POU2/3, Eya, Sall and Osr that is required for excretory system formation. POU2/3 and Six1/2-2 are essential for these precursor cells to form. Eya, Six1/2-2, Sall, Osr and POU2/3-related genes are required for vertebrate kidney development. We determined that planarian and vertebrate excretory cells express homologous proteins involved in reabsorption and waste modification. Furthermore, we identified novel nephridia genes. Our results identify a transcriptional program and cellular mechanisms for the regeneration of an excretory organ and suggest that metazoan excretory systems are regulated by genetic programs that share a common evolutionary origin.
涡虫可以再生任何缺失的身体部位，这需要在成体中产生器官系统的机制，包括其突出的基于小管的过滤排泄系统，称为原肾。在这里，我们鉴定了一组基因，Six1/2-2、POU2/3、hunchback、Eya 和 Sall，它们编码转录调节蛋白，这些蛋白对于涡虫原肾再生是必需的。在再生过程中，诱导涡虫干细胞在再生芽基中形成表达 Six1/2-2、POU2/3、Eya、Sall 和 Osr 的细胞群体，这对于排泄系统的形成是必需的。POU2/3 和 Six1/2-2 对于这些前体细胞的形成是必需的。Eya、Six1/2-2、Sall、Osr 和 POU2/3 相关基因对于脊椎动物肾脏发育是必需的。我们确定了涡虫和脊椎动物排泄细胞表达参与重吸收和废物修饰的同源蛋白。此外，我们还鉴定了新的肾基因。我们的结果确定了一个转录程序和细胞机制，用于排泄器官的再生，并表明后生动物排泄系统受遗传程序的调节，这些遗传程序具有共同的进化起源。
