Krawinkel Michael B
Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2011 Oct;41(9):240-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2011.04.003.
The evidence is well established that breastfeeding results in a reduction of certain health risks. Debate has arisen, however, about the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. The general recommendation is to breastfeed newborn babies for 6 months exclusively and then to introduce complementary foods and continue breastfeeding. In industrialized countries, earlier introduction of complementary foods is recommended for preventing food allergy. There are data suggesting such a risk reduction and therefore the argument must be taken seriously. Considering the evidence about earlier introduction of complementary foods, it remains unclear how long the children have been exclusively and partially breastfed. It may well be that children who are breastfed exclusively for 3 months or less benefit from an introduction of complementary foods as long as they still receive partial breastfeeding. If this is true, it remains the first priority to advertise for longer breastfeeding, and only if this fails, the mothers may be advised to introduce complementary foods at a time when they still breastfeed.
有充分证据表明，母乳喂养可降低某些健康风险。然而，关于纯母乳喂养的最佳时长已引发了争论。一般建议是纯母乳喂养新生儿6个月，然后引入辅食并继续母乳喂养。在工业化国家，为预防食物过敏，建议更早引入辅食。有数据表明这样做可降低风险，因此这一观点必须得到认真对待。考虑到有关更早引入辅食的证据，目前尚不清楚儿童纯母乳喂养和部分母乳喂养的时长。很可能纯母乳喂养3个月或更短时间的儿童，只要仍接受部分母乳喂养，引入辅食会有益处。如果真是这样，首要任务仍是倡导更长时间的母乳喂养，只有在这一做法失败时，才建议母亲在仍进行母乳喂养时引入辅食。
