Lange Anja, Nautsch Anke, Weitmann Kerstin, Ittermann Till, Heckmann Matthias
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology & Paediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruchstr, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Institute of Community Medicine, Division of Health Care Epidemiology and Community Health, SHIP-KEF, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Int Breastfeed J. 2017 Jan 6;12:3. doi: 10.1186/s13006-016-0093-6. eCollection 2016.
The Nationale Stillkommission was founded in Germany in 1994 to increase the acceptance of breastfeeding as the primary means of infant nutrition. Scientific studies like "Stillen und Säuglingsernährung (SuSe-Studie)", and regional studies in Bavaria, Freiburg, Hamburg, and Berlin demonstrated breastfeeding initiation rates of 90 to 95%, but the total breastfeeding rate decreased to 25-61% after infants were 6 months old. One predictor of breastfeeding duration may be maternal motivation. The present study aimed to describe breastfeeding motivation.
We analysed data collected in 2004-2008, during a previous study, the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP). We retrieved data regarding maternal breastfeeding motivation, family environment, and socioeconomic factors. We constructed a quantitative breastfeeding-motivation score to identify factors involved in maternal breastfeeding.
Ninety five percent of mothers who gave birth in the study period and area provided information in the survey. The breastfeeding initiation rate was 88.4%. Mothers' intentions to provide exclusive breastfeeding (only breast milk, no other liquids or infant formula) increased linearly from 71.9% in 2005 to 76.8% in 2008. Women motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding were, on average, older, primiparous, and able to deliver spontaneously more often than women with less breastfeeding motivation. Furthermore, women with no motivation to provide exclusive breastfeeding and women that intended to provide breastfeeding combined with a complementary nutrition source had visited prenatal classes less frequently, had lower levels education, had lower average incomes, had a German nationality more often, and used tobacco more often than women motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding intentions increased during the SNiP Study. This study identified several factors that might serve for targeted breastfeeding promotion in mothers younger than 25 years, mothers with low education, and multiparous mothers or women who have received a caesarean section. Furthermore, breastfeeding motivation might be enhanced during pregnancy and/or after delivery by providing prenatal classes.
德国于1994年成立了全国母乳喂养委员会，以提高母乳喂养作为婴儿主要营养方式的接受度。诸如“母乳喂养与婴儿营养（SuSe研究）”等科学研究以及巴伐利亚、弗莱堡、汉堡和柏林的地区性研究表明，母乳喂养开始率为90%至95%，但婴儿6个月大后，纯母乳喂养率降至25% - 61%。母乳喂养持续时间的一个预测因素可能是母亲的动机。本研究旨在描述母乳喂养动机。
我们分析了在之前的波美拉尼亚新生儿调查（SNiP）研究期间（2004 - 2008年）收集的数据。我们获取了有关母亲母乳喂养动机、家庭环境和社会经济因素的数据。我们构建了一个定量母乳喂养动机评分，以确定与母亲母乳喂养相关的因素。
在研究期间和地区分娩的母亲中有95%在调查中提供了信息。母乳喂养开始率为88.4%。母亲进行纯母乳喂养（仅母乳，无其他液体或婴儿配方奶粉）的意愿从2005年的71.9%线性增加到2008年的76.8%。有动机进行纯母乳喂养的女性平均比母乳喂养动机较低的女性年龄更大、初产且更常能自然分娩。此外，无纯母乳喂养动机的女性以及打算母乳喂养并辅以补充营养来源的女性比有纯母乳喂养动机的女性参加产前课程的频率更低、教育水平更低、平均收入更低、德国国籍的比例更高且吸烟更频繁。
在SNiP研究期间，母乳喂养意愿有所增加。本研究确定了几个可能有助于针对25岁以下母亲、低教育水平母亲、经产妇或接受剖宫产的母亲进行有针对性的母乳喂养促进的因素。此外，通过提供产前课程，母乳喂养动机可能在孕期和/或产后得到增强。
