Kaswan R L, Salisbury M A
Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1990 May;20(3):583-613. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(90)50052-2.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the major cause of chronic or recurrent conjunctivitis in dogs. The diagnosis of KCS is often delayed or mistaken for allergic or bacterial conjunctivitis and inappropriate or insufficient treatment leads to progressive corneal scarring and blindness in many dogs. The cause of KCS in dogs has not been proven, but evidence supports an immune-mediated etiology for the majority of cases. In an attempt to specifically treat the cause of KCS, a new immunosuppressant drug, cyclosporine, has been used in a topical preparation. Treatment results using ophthalmic cyclosporine are dramatic compared with historical treatments. Resolution of corneal scarring and increased lacrimation are seen in most dogs. Investigations of the mechanism of action of ophthalmic cyclosporine suggest the efficacy may have been serendipitous. A local neuroendocrine effect of cyclosporine on the lacrimal gland may actually be responsible for the increased lacrimation. Early diagnosis of KCS and treatment with ophthalmic cyclosporine may avert a major cause of blindness in dogs.
干燥性角结膜炎是犬慢性或复发性结膜炎的主要病因。犬干燥性角结膜炎的诊断常常延迟，或被误诊为过敏性或细菌性结膜炎，不恰当或不充分的治疗导致许多犬出现进行性角膜瘢痕化和失明。犬干燥性角结膜炎的病因尚未得到证实，但有证据支持大多数病例是免疫介导的病因。为了特异性地治疗干燥性角结膜炎的病因，一种新的免疫抑制剂环孢素已被制成局部用药制剂使用。与既往治疗相比，使用眼科用环孢素的治疗效果显著。大多数犬的角膜瘢痕消退，泪液分泌增加。对眼科用环孢素作用机制的研究表明，其疗效可能是意外获得的。环孢素对泪腺的局部神经内分泌作用可能实际上是泪液分泌增加的原因。干燥性角结膜炎的早期诊断和眼科用环孢素治疗可能避免犬失明的一个主要原因。
